---
title: "oil comes from dead dinosaurs" — it says so on a cartoon dinosaur a… — Coal, oil and gas · tree and pragmatics
description: "oil comes from dead dinosaurs" — it says so on a cartoon dinosaur at a petrol station. What is true? Test 1 · ★ of lesson 59 «Coal, oil and gas» of the geography course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was right.
---

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# Test 1 · ★ · Coal, oil and gas

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"oil comes from dead dinosaurs" — it says so on a cartoon dinosaur at a petrol station. What is true?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 2 · **The right answer:** option 2 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** oil · **What happens:** come, say, be · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 1 · ★ of lesson 59 «Coal, oil and gas» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/geography/59-coal-oil-and-gas/#t1).

## The question {#question}

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* "oil comes from dead dinosaurs" — it says so on a cartoon dinosaur at a petrol station.

```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:59-coal-oil-and-gas:t1:1
# text = "oil comes from dead dinosaurs" — it says so on a cartoon dinosaur at a petrol station.
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	oil	oil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	comes	come	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	from	from	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	dead	dead	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	dinosaurs	dinosaur	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
8	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	10	punct	_	_
9	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
10	says	say	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
11	so	so	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
12	on	on	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
14	cartoon	cartoon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	compound	_	_
15	dinosaur	dinosaur	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	_
16	at	at	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
17	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
18	petrol	petrol	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	compound	_	_
19	station	station	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** *in a quote* | present | oil |  |  |  |  | from dead dinosaurs | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme from dinosaur=Initial\_Location |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | oil |  |  |  |  | on a cartoon dinosaur at a petrol station | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* What is true?

```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:59-coal-oil-and-gas:t1:2
# text = What is true?
1	What	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	true	true	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | true *property* | tree rules |

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Oil comes from tree sap

```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:59-coal-oil-and-gas:t1:o1:1
# text = Oil comes from tree sap
1	Oil	oil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	comes	come	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	from	from	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	sap	SAP	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | present | Oil |  |  | tree sap |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme from sap=Initial\_Location |

### Option 2 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Oil comes mostly from tiny sea plankton, not dinosaurs

```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:59-coal-oil-and-gas:t1:o2:1
# text = Oil comes mostly from tiny sea plankton, not dinosaurs
1	Oil	oil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	comes	come	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	mostly	mostly	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
4	from	from	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	tiny	tiny	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
6	sea	sea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	plankton	plankton	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
9	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	10	advmod	_	_
10	dinosaurs	dinosaur	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | present | Oil |  |  | tiny sea plankton and dinosaurs |  | mostly *property* | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme from plankton=Initial\_Location |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Oil comes from volcanoes only

```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:59-coal-oil-and-gas:t1:o3:1
# text = Oil comes from volcanoes only
1	Oil	oil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	comes	come	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	from	from	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	volcanoes	volcano	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
5	only	only	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | present | Oil |  |  | volcanoes |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme from volcano=Initial\_Location |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Yes, oil is melted dinosaurs, and that's exactly why it is black

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:59-coal-oil-and-gas:t1:o4:1
# text = Yes, oil is melted dinosaurs, and that's exactly why it is black
1	Yes	yes	INTJ	UH	Polarity=Pos	5	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	oil	oil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	melted	melt	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	dinosaurs	dinosaur	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
9	that	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	12	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	cop	_	_
11	exactly	exactly	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
12	why	why	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	5	conj	_	_
13	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	15	nsubj	_	_
14	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	15	cop	_	_
15	black	black	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	advcl:relcl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **melt** | present · passive |  | oil |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | present | that |  |  |  |  | exactly, why *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **is** | present | oil |  |  |  |  | black *property* | tree rules |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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