---
title: Why did Portugal look to the ocean rather than to land to grow? — Europe: countries and capitals · tree and pragmatics
description: Why did Portugal look to the ocean rather than to land to grow? Test 10 of lesson 7 «Europe: countries and capitals» of the geography course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was right.
---

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# Test 10 · Europe: countries and capitals

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Why did Portugal look to the ocean rather than to land to grow?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 1 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** Portugal · **What happens:** look, land, grow

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 10 of lesson 7 «Europe: countries and capitals» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/geography/7-europe-countries-and-capitals/#t10).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:7-europe-countries-and-capitals:t10:1
# text = Why did Portugal look to the ocean rather than to land to grow?
1	Why	why	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	4	advmod	_	_
2	did	do	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	Portugal	Portugal	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	look	look	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	ocean	ocean	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
8	rather	rather	ADV	RB	ExtPos=CCONJ	11	cc	_	_
9	than	than	ADP	IN	_	8	fixed	_	_
10	to	to	PART	TO	_	11	mark	_	_
11	land	land	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	conj	_	_
12	to	to	PART	TO	_	13	mark	_	_
13	grow	grow	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	11	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **look** | past · do-support | Portugal |  |  |  |  | to the ocean | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent to ocean=Theme |
| 2 | **land** | to-infinitive | Portugal *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **grow** | to-infinitive | Portugal *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Its only land neighbour was the stronger Castile

```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:7-europe-countries-and-capitals:t10:o1:1
# text = Its only land neighbour was the stronger Castile
1	Its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
2	only	only	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
3	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	neighbour	neighbour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
5	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	stronger	strong	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	8	amod	_	_
8	Castile	Castile	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | Its only land neighbour | the stronger Castile |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It had no ports

```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:7-europe-countries-and-capitals:t10:o2:1
# text = It had no ports
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	4	det	_	_
4	ports	port	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | It | no ports |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent port=Patient |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Portugal had no army at all

```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:7-europe-countries-and-capitals:t10:o3:1
# text = Portugal had no army at all
1	Portugal	Portugal	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	4	det	_	_
4	army	army	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	at	at	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	2	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | Portugal | no army |  | all |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent army=Patient |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The ocean was smaller then

```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:7-europe-countries-and-capitals:t10:o4:1
# text = The ocean was smaller then
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	ocean	ocean	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	smaller	small	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	0	root	_	_
5	then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	4	advmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the ocean |  |  |  | then | small *property* | tree rules |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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- ← previous: [Europe: countries and capitals, test 9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/geography/7-europe-countries-and-capitals/t9/)
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