---
title: Why did the union with Lithuania make Warsaw a better capital than K… — Europe: countries and capitals · tree and pragmatics
description: Why did the union with Lithuania make Warsaw a better capital than Kraków? Test 6 of lesson 7 «Europe: countries and capitals» of the geography course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was right.
---

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# Test 6 · Europe: countries and capitals

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Why did the union with Lithuania make Warsaw a better capital than Kraków?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 2 · **The right answer:** option 2 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** Lithuania · **What happens:** do, make · **To what, where:** union, Warsaw

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 6 of lesson 7 «Europe: countries and capitals» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/geography/7-europe-countries-and-capitals/#t6).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:7-europe-countries-and-capitals:t6:1
# text = Why did the union with Lithuania make Warsaw a better capital than Kraków?
1	Why	why	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	2	advmod	_	_
2	did	do	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	union	union	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	with	with	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
6	Lithuania	Lithuania	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
7	make	make	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	advcl	_	_
8	Warsaw	warsaw	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	better	good	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	11	amod	_	_
11	capital	capital	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	xcomp	_	_
12	than	than	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	Kraków	Kraków	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **do** | past |  | the union |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent union=Eventuality |
| 2 | **make** | present | Lithuania | Warsaw |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent warsaw=Product |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Kraków was handed over to Lithuania

```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:7-europe-countries-and-capitals:t6:o1:1
# text = Kraków was handed over to Lithuania
1	Kraków	Kraków	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	handed	hand	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	over	over	ADP	RP	_	3	compound:prt	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	Lithuania	Lithuania	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hand over** | past · passive |  | Kraków | Lithuania |  |  |  | vn send-11.1-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme to lithuania=Destination |

### Option 2 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Warsaw lay nearer the middle of the joined lands

```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:7-europe-countries-and-capitals:t6:o2:1
# text = Warsaw lay nearer the middle of the joined lands
1	Warsaw	warsaw	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	lay	lie	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	nearer	near	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	2	xcomp	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	middle	middle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	joined	join	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	amod	_	_
9	lands	land	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lie** | past | Warsaw | the middle of the joined lands |  |  |  | near *property* | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **join** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn mix-22.1-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Lithuania owned Kraków

```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:7-europe-countries-and-capitals:t6:o3:1
# text = Lithuania owned Kraków
1	Lithuania	Lithuania	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	owned	own	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	Kraków	Kraków	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **own** | past | Lithuania | Kraków |  |  |  |  | vn own-100.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot kraków=Theme |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Warsaw had the only river in Poland

```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:7-europe-countries-and-capitals:t6:o4:1
# text = Warsaw had the only river in Poland
1	Warsaw	Warsaw	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	only	only	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	river	river	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	Poland	Poland	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | Warsaw | the only river |  | Poland |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent river=Patient |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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