---
title: What made diseases so deadly for Native Americans after Europeans ar… — The United States · tree and pragmatics
description: What made diseases so deadly for Native Americans after Europeans arrived? Test 3 · ★★ of lesson 9 «The United States» of the geography course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was right.
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/geography/9-the-united-states/t3/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [questions](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/) / [Geography](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/geography/) / [The United States](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/geography/9-the-united-states/) / t3

# Test 3 · ★★ · The United States

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
What made diseases so deadly for Native Americans after Europeans arrived?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 4 · **The right answer:** option 4 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** Europeans · **What happens:** make, arrive · **To what, where:** diseases

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 3 · ★★ of lesson 9 «The United States» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/geography/9-the-united-states/#t3).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:9-the-united-states:t3:1
# text = What made diseases so deadly for Native Americans after Europeans arrived?
1	What	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	2	nsubj	_	_
2	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	diseases	disease	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
4	so	so	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	deadly	deadly	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	xcomp	_	_
6	for	for	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	Native	native	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	Americans	American	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	_
9	after	after	SCONJ	IN	_	11	mark	_	_
10	Europeans	European	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	11	nsubj	_	_
11	arrived	arrive	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | past |  | diseases |  |  |  | deadly *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.material V NP»: agent=Material disease=Product |
| 2 | **arrive** | past | Europeans |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Their food made the germs stronger and spread them faster from town to town

```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:9-the-united-states:t3:o1:1
# text = Their food made the germs stronger and spread them faster from town to town
1	Their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	germs	germ	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	stronger	strong	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	3	xcomp	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	spread	spread	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
9	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	obj	_	_
10	faster	fast	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	8	advmod	_	_
11	from	from	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	town	town	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
13	to	to	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	town	town	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | past | Their food | the germs |  |  |  | strong *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.material V NP»: agent=Material germ=Product |
| 2 | **spread** | past | Their food *not said here* | germs *= germ* |  | town to town |  | fast *property* | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location they=Theme |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Native doctors refused to help

```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:9-the-united-states:t3:o2:1
# text = Native doctors refused to help
1	Native	native	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	doctors	doctor	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	refused	refuse	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	help	help	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **refuse** | past | Native doctors |  |  |  |  |  | vn reject-77.2 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 2 | **not** **help** | to-infinitive | Native doctors *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They lived in cold places

```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:9-the-united-states:t3:o3:1
# text = They lived in cold places
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	lived	live	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	cold	cold	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	places	place	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **live** | past | They |  |  | cold places |  |  | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in place=Location |

### Option 4 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They had never met these germs, so their bodies had no defences

```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:9-the-united-states:t3:o4:1
# text = They had never met these germs, so their bodies had no defences
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	4	advmod	_	_
4	met	meet	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	these	this	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	6	det	_	_
6	germs	germ	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
8	so	so	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
9	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
10	bodies	body	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	nsubj	_	_
11	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
12	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	13	det	_	_
13	defences	defence	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **meet** | past · perfect | They | this germs |  |  |  |  | vn meet-36.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent germ=Co-Agent |
| 2 | **have** | past | germs's bodies | no defences |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent defence=Patient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [The United States, test 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/geography/9-the-united-states/t2/)
- next →: [The United States, test 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/geography/9-the-united-states/t4/)
- ↑ back to [The United States](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/geography/9-the-united-states/)