--- title: Identify the principal reason for which ancient Greece consisted of… — Ancient Greece: city-states, Athens an… · tree and pragmatics description: Identify the principal reason for which ancient Greece consisted of numerous independent city-states rather than a unified realm. Exam question 1 of lesson 11 «Ancient Greece: city-states, Athens and Sparta» of the history course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of t --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/history/11-ancient-greece-city-states-athens-and-sparta/e1/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [questions](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/) / [History](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/history/) / [Ancient Greece: city-states, Athens an…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/history/11-ancient-greece-city-states-athens-and-sparta/) / e1 # Exam question 1 · Ancient Greece: city-states, Athens and Sparta Identify the principal reason for which ancient Greece consisted of numerous independent city-states rather than a unified realm. **Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 1 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** you, ancient Greece · **What happens:** identify, consist · **To what, where:** principal reason This is exam question 1 of lesson 11 «Ancient Greece: city-states, Athens and Sparta» of the history course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/history/11-ancient-greece-city-states-athens-and-sparta/#e1). ## The question {#question} ```conllu # sent_id = question:history:11-ancient-greece-city-states-athens-and-sparta:e1:1 # text = Identify the principal reason for which ancient Greece consisted of numerous independent city-states rather than a unified realm. 1 Identify identify VERB VB Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 2 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 4 det _ _ 3 principal principal ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 4 amod _ _ 4 reason reason NOUN NN Number=Sing 1 obj _ _ 5 for for ADP IN _ 6 case _ _ 6 which which PRON WDT PronType=Rel 9 obl _ _ 7 ancient ancient ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 8 amod _ _ 8 Greece Greece PROPN NNP Number=Sing 9 nsubj _ _ 9 consisted consist VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 4 acl:relcl _ _ 10 of of ADP IN _ 15 case _ _ 11 numerous numerous ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 15 amod _ _ 12 independent independent ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 15 amod _ _ 13 city city NOUN NN Number=Sing 15 compound _ SpaceAfter=No 14 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 15 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 15 states state NOUN NNS Number=Plur 9 obl _ _ 16 rather rather ADV RB ExtPos=CCONJ 20 cc _ _ 17 than than ADP IN _ 16 fixed _ _ 18 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 20 det _ _ 19 unified unified ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 20 amod _ _ 20 realm realm NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 conj _ SpaceAfter=No 21 . . PUNCT . _ 1 punct _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **identify** | imperative | you *not said here* | the principal reason | | | | | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent reason=Theme | | 2 | **consist** | past | ancient Greece | | | | | for the principal reason; of numerous independent city states | tree rules | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The options {#options} ### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o1} The terrain was divided by mountains and sea ```conllu # sent_id = question:history:11-ancient-greece-city-states-athens-and-sparta:e1:o1:1 # text = The terrain was divided by mountains and sea 1 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 2 det _ _ 2 terrain terrain NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 nsubj:pass _ _ 3 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 4 aux:pass _ _ 4 divided divide VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 0 root _ _ 5 by by ADP IN _ 6 case _ _ 6 mountains mountain NOUN NNS Number=Plur 4 obl _ _ 7 and and CCONJ CC _ 8 cc _ _ 8 sea sea NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 conj _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **divide** | past · passive | mountains and sea | the terrain | | | | | vn multiply-108-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Theme | ### Option 2 {#o2} The Persians prohibited it ```conllu # sent_id = question:history:11-ancient-greece-city-states-athens-and-sparta:e1:o2:1 # text = The Persians prohibited it 1 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 2 det _ _ 2 Persians Persian PROPN NNPS Number=Plur 3 nsubj _ _ 3 prohibited prohibit VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 it it PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 3 obj _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **prohibit** | past | the Persians | it | | | | | vn forbid-64.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer it=Theme | ### Option 3 {#o3} The inhabitants spoke mutually unintelligible languages ```conllu # sent_id = question:history:11-ancient-greece-city-states-athens-and-sparta:e1:o3:1 # text = The inhabitants spoke mutually unintelligible languages 1 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 2 det _ _ 2 inhabitants inhabitant NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 nsubj _ _ 3 spoke speak VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 mutually mutually ADV RB _ 3 advmod _ _ 5 unintelligible unintelligible ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 6 amod _ _ 6 languages language NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 obj _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **speak** *speech: other* | past | the inhabitants | unintelligible languages | | | | mutually *property* | tree rules | ### Option 4 {#o4} A royal decree forbade unification ```conllu # sent_id = question:history:11-ancient-greece-city-states-athens-and-sparta:e1:o4:1 # text = A royal decree forbade unification 1 A a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 3 det _ _ 2 royal royal ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 3 amod _ _ 3 decree decree NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 nsubj _ _ 4 forbade forbid VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 5 unification unification NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 obj _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **forbid** | past | a royal decree | unification | | | | | vn forbid-64.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer unification=Theme | **Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. 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