---
title: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the… — Ancient Greece: city-states, Athens an… · tree and pragmatics
description: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the contrast between Athens and Sparta? Exam question 3 of lesson 11 «Ancient Greece: city-states, Athens and Sparta» of the history course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each op
---

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# Exam question 3 · Ancient Greece: city-states, Athens and Sparta

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the contrast between Athens and Sparta?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 3 · **The right answer:** option 3 · right ✓ · **What happens:** follow, characteris · **To what, where:** contrast

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 3 of lesson 11 «Ancient Greece: city-states, Athens and Sparta» of the history course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/history/11-ancient-greece-city-states-athens-and-sparta/#e3).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:11-ancient-greece-city-states-athens-and-sparta:e3:1
# text = Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the contrast between Athens and Sparta?
1	Which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	following	follow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	amod	_	_
5	statements	statement	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
6	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	7	advmod	_	_
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	contrast	contrast	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
11	between	between	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	Athens	Athens	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	Sparta	Sparta	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **follow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **characteris** | present |  | the contrast |  |  |  | of the following statements; between Athens and Sparta; accurately *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Both cities esteemed solely their navies and despised armies

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:11-ancient-greece-city-states-athens-and-sparta:e3:o1:1
# text = Both cities esteemed solely their navies and despised armies
1	Both	both	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	2	det	_	_
2	cities	city	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	esteemed	esteem	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
4	solely	solely	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
5	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	navies	navy	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
8	despised	despise	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	amod	_	_
9	armies	army	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **esteem** | participle | both cities and despised armies *not said here* | cities's navies |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer |
| 2 | **despise** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Athens forbade all commerce

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:11-ancient-greece-city-states-athens-and-sparta:e3:o2:1
# text = Athens forbade all commerce
1	Athens	Athens	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	forbade	forbid	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	4	det	_	_
4	commerce	commerce	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **forbid** | past | Athens | all commerce |  |  |  |  | vn forbid-64.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer commerce=Theme |

### Option 3 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Athens esteemed debate, commerce and its navy; Sparta esteemed discipline and its army

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:11-ancient-greece-city-states-athens-and-sparta:e3:o3:1
# text = Athens esteemed debate, commerce and its navy; Sparta esteemed discipline and its army
1	Athens	athens	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
2	esteemed	esteem	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	amod	_	_
3	debate	debate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	commerce	commerce	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
7	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	navy	navy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	11	punct	_	_
10	Sparta	Sparta	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
11	esteemed	esteem	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
12	discipline	discipline	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
14	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	15	nmod:poss	_	_
15	army	army	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **esteem** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer |
| 2 | **esteem** | past | Sparta | discipline and navy's army |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer discipline=Stimulus |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Sparta was renowned for its philosophers and theatre

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:11-ancient-greece-city-states-athens-and-sparta:e3:o4:1
# text = Sparta was renowned for its philosophers and theatre
1	Sparta	Sparta	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	renowned	renowned	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
4	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	philosophers	philosopher	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	theatre	theatre	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | Sparta |  |  |  |  | for its philosophers and theatre; renowned *property* | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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