---
title: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the… — Rome: from a town on seven hills to a… · tree and pragmatics
description: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the Roman Republic? Exam question 2 of lesson 13 «Rome: from a town on seven hills to a republic» of the history course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice 
---

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# Exam question 2 · Rome: from a town on seven hills to a republic

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the Roman Republic?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 1 · right ✓ · **What happens:** follow, characteris · **To what, where:** Roman Republic

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 2 of lesson 13 «Rome: from a town on seven hills to a republic» of the history course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/history/13-rome-from-seven-hills-to-a-republic/#e2).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:13-rome-from-seven-hills-to-a-republic:e2:1
# text = Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the Roman Republic?
1	Which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	following	follow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	amod	_	_
5	statements	statement	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
6	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	7	advmod	_	_
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	Roman	Roman	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	_
11	Republic	Republic	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **follow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **characteris** | present |  | the Roman Republic |  |  |  | of the following statements; accurately *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Citizens elected magistrates for terms of one year, two consuls sharing the highest office

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:13-rome-from-seven-hills-to-a-republic:e2:o1:1
# text = Citizens elected magistrates for terms of one year, two consuls sharing the highest office
1	Citizens	citizen	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	elected	elect	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	magistrates	magistrate	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
4	for	for	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	terms	term	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	8	nummod	_	_
8	year	year	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
10	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	11	nummod	_	_
11	consuls	consul	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	conj	_	_
12	sharing	share	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	11	acl	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
14	highest	high	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	15	amod	_	_
15	office	office	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **elect** | past | Citizens | magistrates |  |  |  | for terms of one year and two consuls | vn appoint-29.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent magistrate=Theme |
| 2 | **share** | gerund | two consuls *not said here* | the highest office |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **term** |  |  | one year |  |  |  |  | nom term «communication transitive»: of=patient |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The army appointed a dictator each decade

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:13-rome-from-seven-hills-to-a-republic:e2:o2:1
# text = The army appointed a dictator each decade
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	army	army	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	appointed	appoint	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	dictator	dictator	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	7	det	_	_
7	decade	decade	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **appoint** | past | the army | a dictator |  |  | decade |  | vn appoint-29.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent dictator=Theme |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Senate was elected by all women

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:13-rome-from-seven-hills-to-a-republic:e2:o3:1
# text = The Senate was elected by all women
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Senate	Senate	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	elected	elect	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	by	by	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	7	det	_	_
7	women	woman	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl:agent	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **elect** | past · passive | all women | the Senate |  |  |  |  | vn appoint-29.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Theme |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A single hereditary king governed for life, advised by his sons and the priests of Jupiter

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:13-rome-from-seven-hills-to-a-republic:e2:o4:1
# text = A single hereditary king governed for life, advised by his sons and the priests of Jupiter
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
2	single	single	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
3	hereditary	hereditary	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	governed	govern	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	acl	_	_
6	for	for	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	life	life	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
9	advised	advise	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	parataxis	_	_
10	by	by	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	12	nmod:poss	_	_
12	sons	son	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obl	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	priests	priest	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	conj	_	_
16	of	of	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	Jupiter	Jupiter	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	15	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **govern** | participle |  | a single hereditary king *not said here* |  |  |  | for life | vn supervision-95.2.2 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **advise** *speech: other* | participle |  |  |  |  |  | by king's sons and the priests of Jupiter | vn advise-37.9-1 «NP V PP.topic»: agent=Agent |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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- ↑ back to [Rome: from a town on seven hills to a republic](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/history/13-rome-from-seven-hills-to-a-republic/)