---
title: my cousin says Romulus and Remus are proven history. what's the truth? — Rome: from a town on seven hills to a… · tree and pragmatics
description: my cousin says Romulus and Remus are proven history. what's the truth? Test 1 of lesson 13 «Rome: from a town on seven hills to a republic» of the history course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was right.
---

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# Test 1 · Rome: from a town on seven hills to a republic

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
my cousin says Romulus and Remus are proven history. what's the truth?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 1 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** cousin, Romulus · **What happens:** say, prove, be · **To what, where:** proven history, truth · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 1 of lesson 13 «Rome: from a town on seven hills to a republic» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/history/13-rome-from-seven-hills-to-a-republic/#t1).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:13-rome-from-seven-hills-to-a-republic:t1:1
# text = my cousin says Romulus and Remus are proven history. what's the truth?
1	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	cousin	cousin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	says	say	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	Romulus	Romulus	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	Remus	Remus	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	_
7	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
8	proven	prove	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	amod	_	_
9	history	history	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
11	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	14	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	cop	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	truth	truth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | my cousin |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **prove** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V what S\_INF»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **is a** | present | Romulus and Remus | proven history |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **is a** | present |  | the truth |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is a legend; Rome grew from villages

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:13-rome-from-seven-hills-to-a-republic:t1:o1:1
# text = It is a legend; Rome grew from villages
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	legend	legend	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
6	Rome	Rome	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
7	grew	grow	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	from	from	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	villages	village	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | It | a legend |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **grow** | past | Rome |  |  |  |  | from villages | vn grow-26.2.1 «NP V NP.product PP.patient»: agent=Agent from village=Patient |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is proven by the old bronze statue of the wolf

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:13-rome-from-seven-hills-to-a-republic:t1:o2:1
# text = It is proven by the old bronze statue of the wolf
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	proven	prove	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	by	by	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
6	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
7	bronze	bronze	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	statue	statue	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	wolf	wolf	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **prove** | present · passive | the old bronze statue of the wolf | It |  |  |  |  | vn deduce-97.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Theme |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The wolf's bones were found

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:13-rome-from-seven-hills-to-a-republic:t1:o3:1
# text = The wolf's bones were found
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	wolf	wolf	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	's	's	PART	POS	_	2	case	_	_
4	bones	bone	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj:pass	_	_
5	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux:pass	_	_
6	found	find	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **find** | past · passive |  | the wolf's bones |  |  |  |  | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: subject=Topic |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They were real Greek kings

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:13-rome-from-seven-hills-to-a-republic:t1:o4:1
# text = They were real Greek kings
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
2	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	real	real	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
4	Greek	Greek	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	kings	king	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | They | real Greek kings |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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- ← previous: [Ancient Greece: democracy, the Olympic…, exam 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/history/12-ancient-greece-democracy-olympics-myths-and-thinkers/e4/)
- next →: [Rome: from a town on seven hills to a…, test 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/history/13-rome-from-seven-hills-to-a-republic/t2/)
- ↑ back to [Rome: from a town on seven hills to a republic](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/history/13-rome-from-seven-hills-to-a-republic/)