---
title: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the… — Rome: the empire, the legions and the… · tree and pragmatics
description: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the testudo? Exam question 2 of lesson 14 «Rome: the empire, the legions and the roads» of the history course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was right.
---

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# Exam question 2 · Rome: the empire, the legions and the roads

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the testudo?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 1 · right ✓ · **What happens:** follow, characteris · **To what, where:** testudo

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 2 of lesson 14 «Rome: the empire, the legions and the roads» of the history course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/history/14-rome-the-empire-the-legions-and-the-roads/#e2).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:14-rome-the-empire-the-legions-and-the-roads:e2:1
# text = Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the testudo?
1	Which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	following	follow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	amod	_	_
5	statements	statement	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
6	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	7	advmod	_	_
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	testudo	testudo	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **follow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **characteris** | present |  | the testudo |  |  |  | of the following statements; accurately *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A formation wherein shields were interlocked above and around the soldiers

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:14-rome-the-empire-the-legions-and-the-roads:e2:o1:1
# text = A formation wherein shields were interlocked above and around the soldiers
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	formation	formation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	wherein	wherein	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	6	advmod	_	_
4	shields	shield	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
5	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux:pass	_	_
6	interlocked	interlock	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl:relcl	_	_
7	above	above	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
9	around	around	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	soldiers	soldier	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **interlock** | past · passive |  | shields |  |  |  | above, wherein *property* | vn amalgamate-22.2-2-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A siege engine propelled by elephants

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:14-rome-the-empire-the-legions-and-the-roads:e2:o2:1
# text = A siege engine propelled by elephants
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	siege	siege	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	engine	engine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	propelled	propel	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	acl	_	_
5	by	by	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	elephants	elephant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **propel** | participle |  | a siege engine *not said here* |  |  |  | by elephants | tree rules |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A type of short sword

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:14-rome-the-empire-the-legions-and-the-roads:e2:o3:1
# text = A type of short sword
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	type	type	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	short	short	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	sword	sword	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **type** |  |  | short sword |  |  |  |  | nom type «cognition transitive»: of=patient |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An aqueduct of three tiers

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:14-rome-the-empire-the-legions-and-the-roads:e2:o4:1
# text = An aqueduct of three tiers
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	aqueduct	aqueduct	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	three	three	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	tiers	tier	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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- ← previous: [Rome: the empire, the legions and the…, exam 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/history/14-rome-the-empire-the-legions-and-the-roads/e1/)
- next →: [Rome: the empire, the legions and the…, exam 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/history/14-rome-the-empire-the-legions-and-the-roads/e3/)
- ↑ back to [Rome: the empire, the legions and the roads](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/history/14-rome-the-empire-the-legions-and-the-roads/)