---
title: A friend thinks all Roman soldiers came from Italy. What is true? — Rome: the empire, the legions and the… · tree and pragmatics
description: A friend thinks all Roman soldiers came from Italy. What is true? Test 2 · ★ of lesson 14 «Rome: the empire, the legions and the roads» of the history course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was right.
---

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# Test 2 · ★ · Rome: the empire, the legions and the roads

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A friend thinks all Roman soldiers came from Italy. What is true?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 4 · **The right answer:** option 4 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** friend, Roman soldiers · **What happens:** think, come, be · **To what, where:** Italy · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 2 · ★ of lesson 14 «Rome: the empire, the legions and the roads» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/history/14-rome-the-empire-the-legions-and-the-roads/#t2).

## The question {#question}

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* A friend thinks all Roman soldiers came from Italy.

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:14-rome-the-empire-the-legions-and-the-roads:t2:1
# text = A friend thinks all Roman soldiers came from Italy.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	friend	friend	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	thinks	think	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	all	all	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	Roman	roman	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	soldiers	soldier	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj	_	_
7	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	ccomp	_	_
8	from	from	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	Italy	Italy	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **think** *speech: other* | present | a friend |  |  |  |  |  | vn consider-29.9-2 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 2 | **come** | past | Roman soldiers |  |  | Italy |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme from italy=Initial\_Location |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* What is true?

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:14-rome-the-empire-the-legions-and-the-roads:t2:2
# text = What is true?
1	What	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	true	true	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | true *property* | tree rules |

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Every one of them was born in the city of Rome

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:14-rome-the-empire-the-legions-and-the-roads:t2:o1:1
# text = Every one of them was born in the city of Rome
1	Every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	2	det	_	_
2	one	one	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nmod	_	_
5	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux:pass	_	_
6	born	bear	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	city	city	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	Rome	Rome	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **bear** | past · passive |  | every one of them |  | the city of Rome |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Soldiers came only from Britain

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:14-rome-the-empire-the-legions-and-the-roads:t2:o2:1
# text = Soldiers came only from Britain
1	Soldiers	soldier	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	only	only	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
4	from	from	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	Britain	Britain	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | past | Soldiers |  |  | Britain |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme from britain=Initial\_Location |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Only Greeks were allowed to join the army

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:14-rome-the-empire-the-legions-and-the-roads:t2:o3:1
# text = Only Greeks were allowed to join the army
1	Only	only	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
2	Greeks	Greek	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	allowed	allow	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	join	join	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	xcomp	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	army	army	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **allow** | past · passive |  | Greeks |  |  |  |  | vn allow-64.1-1 «NP V NP S»: subject=Beneficiary clause=Eventuality |
| 2 | **join** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | Greeks *not said here* | the army |  |  |  |  | vn mix-22.1-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent army=Patient |

### Option 4 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Soldiers came from all over the empire, even Iraq and North Africa

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:14-rome-the-empire-the-legions-and-the-roads:t2:o4:1
# text = Soldiers came from all over the empire, even Iraq and North Africa
1	Soldiers	soldier	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	from	from	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
4	all	all	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
5	over	over	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	empire	empire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
9	even	even	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
10	Iraq	Iraq	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
12	North	North	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	compound	_	_
13	Africa	Africa	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | past | Soldiers | Iraq and North Africa |  | the empire |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme from empire=Initial\_Location |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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