--- title: In Europa Universalis Byzantium is a tiny state at the start. Why? — Rome: the fall of the West and what Ro… · tree and pragmatics description: In Europa Universalis Byzantium is a tiny state at the start. Why? Test 3 · ★★ of lesson 16 «Rome: the fall of the West and what Rome left us» of the history course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was right. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/history/16-rome-the-fall-of-the-west-and-what-rome-left-us/t3/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [questions](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/) / [History](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/history/) / [Rome: the fall of the West and what Ro…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/history/16-rome-the-fall-of-the-west-and-what-rome-left-us/) / t3 # Test 3 · ★★ · Rome: the fall of the West and what Rome left us In Europa Universalis Byzantium is a tiny state at the start. Why? **Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 1 · right ✓ · **What happens:** be · **To what, where:** tiny state, Europa This is test 3 · ★★ of lesson 16 «Rome: the fall of the West and what Rome left us» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/history/16-rome-the-fall-of-the-west-and-what-rome-left-us/#t3). ## The question {#question} *Sentence 1:* In Europa Universalis Byzantium is a tiny state at the start. ```conllu # sent_id = question:history:16-rome-the-fall-of-the-west-and-what-rome-left-us:t3:1 # text = In Europa Universalis Byzantium is a tiny state at the start. 1 In in ADP IN _ 2 case _ _ 2 Europa Europa PROPN NNP Number=Sing 8 obl _ _ 3 Universalis Universalis PROPN NNP Number=Sing 2 flat _ _ 4 Byzantium Byzantium PROPN NNP Number=Sing 2 flat _ _ 5 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 8 cop _ _ 6 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 8 det _ _ 7 tiny tiny ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 8 amod _ _ 8 state state NOUN NN Number=Sing 0 root _ _ 9 at at ADP IN _ 11 case _ _ 10 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 11 det _ _ 11 start start NOUN NN Number=Sing 8 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No 12 . . PUNCT . _ 8 punct _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is a** | present | | a tiny state | | Europa | | at the start | tree rules | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. *Sentence 2:* Why? ```conllu # sent_id = question:history:16-rome-the-fall-of-the-west-and-what-rome-left-us:t3:2 # text = Why? 1 Why why ADV WRB PronType=Int 0 root _ SpaceAfter=No 2 ? ? PUNCT . _ 1 punct _ _ ``` The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence. ## The options {#options} ### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o1} By then it was near its end, long after its great days ```conllu # sent_id = question:history:16-rome-the-fall-of-the-west-and-what-rome-left-us:t3:o1:1 # text = By then it was near its end, long after its great days 1 By by ADP IN _ 2 case _ _ 2 then then ADV RB PronType=Dem 7 obl _ _ 3 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 7 nsubj _ _ 4 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 7 cop _ _ 5 near near ADP IN _ 7 case _ _ 6 its its PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 7 nmod:poss _ _ 7 end end NOUN NN Number=Sing 0 root _ SpaceAfter=No 8 , , PUNCT , _ 13 punct _ _ 9 long long ADV RB Degree=Pos 13 advmod _ _ 10 after after ADP IN _ 13 case _ _ 11 its its PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 13 nmod:poss _ _ 12 great great ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 13 amod _ _ 13 days day NOUN NNS Number=Plur 7 conj _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is** | past | it | | | | near its end and its great days | | tree rules | ### Option 2 {#o2} The game made it up ```conllu # sent_id = question:history:16-rome-the-fall-of-the-west-and-what-rome-left-us:t3:o2:1 # text = The game made it up 1 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 2 det _ _ 2 game game NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 nsubj _ _ 3 made make VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 it it PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 3 obj _ _ 5 up up ADP RP _ 3 compound:prt _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **make up** | past | the game | it | | | | | vn comprise-107.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme it=Pivot | ### Option 3 {#o3} It was always a tiny state, even under the great Justinian ```conllu # sent_id = question:history:16-rome-the-fall-of-the-west-and-what-rome-left-us:t3:o3:1 # text = It was always a tiny state, even under the great Justinian 1 It it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 6 nsubj _ _ 2 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 6 cop _ _ 3 always always ADV RB PronType=Tot 6 advmod _ _ 4 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 6 det _ _ 5 tiny tiny ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 6 amod _ _ 6 state state NOUN NN Number=Sing 0 root _ SpaceAfter=No 7 , , PUNCT , _ 12 punct _ _ 8 even even ADV RB _ 12 advmod _ _ 9 under under ADP IN _ 12 case _ _ 10 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 12 det _ _ 11 great great ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 12 amod _ _ 12 Justinian Justinian PROPN NNP Number=Sing 6 nmod _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is a** | past | It | a tiny state | | the great Justinian | | always *property* | tree rules | ### Option 4 {#o4} It was a Viking land ```conllu # sent_id = question:history:16-rome-the-fall-of-the-west-and-what-rome-left-us:t3:o4:1 # text = It was a Viking land 1 It it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 5 nsubj _ _ 2 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 5 cop _ _ 3 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 5 det _ _ 4 Viking Viking PROPN NNP Number=Sing 5 compound _ _ 5 land land NOUN NN Number=Sing 0 root _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is a** | past | It | a Viking land | | | | | tree rules | **Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. 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