---
title: The Maya and the Indians both had zero. Did one copy the other? — The Maya · tree and pragmatics
description: The Maya and the Indians both had zero. Did one copy the other? Test 3 · ★★ of lesson 18 «The Maya» of the history course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was right.
---

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# Test 3 · ★★ · The Maya

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Maya and the Indians both had zero. Did one copy the other?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 1 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** Maya, one · **What happens:** have, copy · **To what, where:** zero, other

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 3 · ★★ of lesson 18 «The Maya» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/history/18-the-maya/#t3).

## The question {#question}

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* The Maya and the Indians both had zero.

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:18-the-maya:t3:1
# text = The Maya and the Indians both had zero.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Maya	Maya	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
3	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	Indians	Indian	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	2	conj	_	_
6	both	both	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	zero	zero	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | the Maya and the Indians | zero |  |  |  | both *property* | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent zero=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* Did one copy the other?

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:18-the-maya:t3:2
# text = Did one copy the other?
1	Did	do	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
2	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	3	nsubj	_	_
3	copy	copy	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **copy** | past · do-support | one | the other |  |  |  |  | vn scribble-25.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent other=Theme |

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
No, they invented it separately

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:18-the-maya:t3:o1:1
# text = No, they invented it separately
1	No	no	INTJ	UH	Polarity=Neg	4	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
3	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
4	invented	invent	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	obj	_	_
6	separately	separately	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **invent** | past | they | it |  |  |  | separately *property* | vn create-26.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Result |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
No, the Romans gave it to both

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:18-the-maya:t3:o2:1
# text = No, the Romans gave it to both
1	No	no	INTJ	UH	Polarity=Neg	5	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	Romans	Roman	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
5	gave	give	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	obj	_	_
7	to	to	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	both	both	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	5	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | past | the Romans | it | both |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent it=Theme to both=Recipient |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Yes, India copied the Maya after sailors visited

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:18-the-maya:t3:o3:1
# text = Yes, India copied the Maya after sailors visited
1	Yes	yes	INTJ	UH	Polarity=Pos	4	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	India	India	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	copied	copy	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	Maya	Maya	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	after	after	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
8	sailors	sailor	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nsubj	_	_
9	visited	visit	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	advcl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **copy** | past | India | the Maya |  |  |  |  | vn scribble-25.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent maya=Theme |
| 2 | **visit** | past | sailors |  |  |  |  |  | vn meet-36.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Yes, the Maya copied India

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:18-the-maya:t3:o4:1
# text = Yes, the Maya copied India
1	Yes	yes	INTJ	UH	Polarity=Pos	5	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	Maya	Maya	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	copied	copy	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	India	India	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **copy** | past | the Maya | India |  |  |  |  | vn scribble-25.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent india=Theme |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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