---
title: Why might the fall of Constantinople have helped the Renaissance in… — The Black Death and the end of the Mid… · tree and pragmatics
description: Why might the fall of Constantinople have helped the Renaissance in Italy? Test 9 · ★ of lesson 24 «The Black Death and the end of the Middle Ages» of the history course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was wrong.
---

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# Test 9 · ★ · The Black Death and the end of the Middle Ages

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Why might the fall of Constantinople have helped the Renaissance in Italy?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 3 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** fall · **What happens:** help · **To what, where:** Renaissance, Italy

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This is test 9 · ★ of lesson 24 «The Black Death and the end of the Middle Ages» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/history/24-the-black-death-and-the-end-of-the-middle-ages/#t9).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:24-the-black-death-and-the-end-of-the-middle-ages:t9:1
# text = Why might the fall of Constantinople have helped the Renaissance in Italy?
1	Why	why	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	8	advmod	_	_
2	might	might	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	fall	fall	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	Constantinople	Constantinople	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
7	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	_
8	helped	help	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	Renaissance	Renaissance	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
11	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	Italy	Italy	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **help** | might · perfect | the fall of Constantinople |  | the Renaissance | Italy |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent renaissance=Beneficiary |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Italy was given the whole city as a present

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:24-the-black-death-and-the-end-of-the-middle-ages:t9:o1:1
# text = Italy was given the whole city as a present
1	Italy	Italy	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	given	give	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	whole	whole	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	city	city	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	as	as	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	present	present	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | past · passive |  | Italy |  |  |  | as a present | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: subject=Recipient city=Theme |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Books were banned in Italy

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:24-the-black-death-and-the-end-of-the-middle-ages:t9:o2:1
# text = Books were banned in Italy
1	Books	book	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	banned	ban	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	Italy	Italy	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **ban** | past · passive |  | Books |  | Italy |  |  | vn forbid-64.4-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |

### Option 3 · ✓ the right answer {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Greek scholars brought their books to Italy

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:24-the-black-death-and-the-end-of-the-middle-ages:t9:o3:1
# text = Greek scholars brought their books to Italy
1	Greek	Greek	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	scholars	scholar	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	brought	bring	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	books	book	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	to	to	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	Italy	Italy	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **bring** | past | Greek scholars | scholars's books | Italy |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent book=Theme to italy=Destination |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
All the Ottomans moved to Italy

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:24-the-black-death-and-the-end-of-the-middle-ages:t9:o4:1
# text = All the Ottomans moved to Italy
1	All	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	3	det:predet	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	Ottomans	Ottoman	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	moved	move	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	Italy	Italy	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **move** | past | all Ottomans |  | Italy |  |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.result»: agent=Theme to italy=Result |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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