---
title: Can someone be both brave and cruel? Which fits Columbus? — Explorers: around Africa and Columbus · tree and pragmatics
description: Can someone be both brave and cruel? Which fits Columbus? Test 4 · ★ of lesson 26 «Explorers: around Africa and Columbus» of the history course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was wrong.
---

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# Test 4 · ★ · Explorers: around Africa and Columbus

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Can someone be both brave and cruel? Which fits Columbus?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 3 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** someone · **What happens:** be, fit · **To what, where:** Columbus

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 4 · ★ of lesson 26 «Explorers: around Africa and Columbus» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/history/26-explorers-around-africa-and-columbus/#t4).

## The question {#question}

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Can someone be both brave and cruel?

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:26-explorers-around-africa-and-columbus:t4:1
# text = Can someone be both brave and cruel?
1	Can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
2	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	5	nsubj	_	_
3	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	cop	_	_
4	both	both	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc:preconj	_	_
5	brave	brave	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	cruel	cruel	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | can | someone |  |  |  |  | brave *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **be** |  | someone *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* Which fits Columbus?

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:26-explorers-around-africa-and-columbus:t4:2
# text = Which fits Columbus?
1	Which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	2	nsubj	_	_
2	fits	fit	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	Columbus	Columbus	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fit** | present |  | Columbus |  |  |  |  | vn adjust-26.9 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent columbus=Patient |

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Only a hero with no faults at all, kind to everyone he met

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:26-explorers-around-africa-and-columbus:t4:o1:1
# text = Only a hero with no faults at all, kind to everyone he met
1	Only	only	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	hero	hero	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	with	with	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	6	det	_	_
6	faults	fault	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nmod	_	_
7	at	at	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
10	kind	kind	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	conj	_	_
11	to	to	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	everyone	everyone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Tot	10	obl	_	_
13	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	nsubj	_	_
14	met	meet	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	acl:relcl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **meet** | past | he |  |  |  |  |  | vn meet-36.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Only a villain who could not sail

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:26-explorers-around-africa-and-columbus:t4:o2:1
# text = Only a villain who could not sail
1	Only	only	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	villain	villain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	7	nsubj	_	_
5	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
6	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	7	advmod	_	_
7	sail	sail	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	acl:relcl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **sail** | could | a villain |  |  |  |  |  | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP.agent V»: agent=Agent |

### Option 3 · ✓ the right answer {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A skilful sailor and also a harsh governor

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:26-explorers-around-africa-and-columbus:t4:o3:1
# text = A skilful sailor and also a harsh governor
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	skilful	skilful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	sailor	sailor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
5	also	also	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	harsh	harsh	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	governor	governor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Neither, he never sailed

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:26-explorers-around-africa-and-columbus:t4:o4:1
# text = Neither, he never sailed
1	Neither	neither	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
4	never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	5	advmod	_	_
5	sailed	sail	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **sail** | past | he |  |  |  |  | neither *property* | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP.agent V»: agent=Agent |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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