---
title: Why would a ship of only 18 men struggle to sail home? — Explorers: Magellan around the world,… · tree and pragmatics
description: Why would a ship of only 18 men struggle to sail home? Test 4 · ★★ of lesson 27 «Explorers: Magellan around the world, and the people already there» of the history course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was right.
---

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# Test 4 · ★★ · Explorers: Magellan around the world, and the people alrea…

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Why would a ship of only 18 men struggle to sail home?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 1 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** ship · **What happens:** struggle, sail

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 4 · ★★ of lesson 27 «Explorers: Magellan around the world, and the people already there» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/history/27-explorers-magellan-around-the-world-and-the-people-already-there/#t4).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:27-explorers-magellan-around-the-world-and-the-people-already-there:t4:1
# text = Why would a ship of only 18 men struggle to sail home?
1	Why	why	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	4	advmod	_	_
2	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	ship	ship	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	only	only	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	18	18	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	8	nummod	_	_
8	men	man	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nmod	_	_
9	struggle	struggle	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
10	to	to	PART	TO	_	11	mark	_	_
11	sail	sail	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	xcomp	_	_
12	home	home	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **struggle** | present | a ship of 18 men |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **sail** | to-infinitive | a ship of 18 men *not said here* |  |  |  |  | home *property* | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP.agent V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A big ship needs many hands to sail it

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:27-explorers-magellan-around-the-world-and-the-people-already-there:t4:o1:1
# text = A big ship needs many hands to sail it
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	big	big	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	ship	ship	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	needs	need	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	hands	hand	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	sail	sail	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	advcl	_	_
9	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **need** | present | a big ship | many hands |  |  |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot hand=Theme |
| 2 | **sail** | to-infinitive | a big ship *not said here* | ship |  |  |  |  | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme it=Trajectory |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Ships sailed better empty

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:27-explorers-magellan-around-the-world-and-the-people-already-there:t4:o2:1
# text = Ships sailed better empty
1	Ships	ship	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	sailed	sail	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	better	good	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	2	xcomp	_	_
4	empty	empty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	xcomp	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sail** | past | Ships |  |  |  |  | empty, good *property* | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
18 men ate too much food

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:27-explorers-magellan-around-the-world-and-the-people-already-there:t4:o3:1
# text = 18 men ate too much food
1	18	18	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	2	nummod	_	_
2	men	man	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	ate	eat	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	too	too	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	much	much	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **eat** | past | 18 men | much food |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent food=Patient |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Small crews were forbidden by the king of Spain

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:27-explorers-magellan-around-the-world-and-the-people-already-there:t4:o4:1
# text = Small crews were forbidden by the king of Spain
1	Small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	crews	crew	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	forbidden	forbid	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	by	by	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	Spain	Spain	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **forbid** | past · passive | the king of Spain | Small crews |  |  |  |  | vn forbid-64.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer subject=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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