--- title: Why did seeing microbes help people later understand disease? — The age of science · tree and pragmatics description: Why did seeing microbes help people later understand disease? Test 10 · ★★★ of lesson 29 «The age of science» of the history course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was right. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/history/29-the-age-of-science/t10/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [questions](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/) / [History](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/history/) / [The age of science](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/history/29-the-age-of-science/) / t10 # Test 10 · ★★★ · The age of science Why did seeing microbes help people later understand disease? **Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 1 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** microbes, people · **What happens:** do, see, help, understand · **To what, where:** people, disease · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is test 10 · ★★★ of lesson 29 «The age of science» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/history/29-the-age-of-science/#t10). ## The question {#question} ```conllu # sent_id = question:history:29-the-age-of-science:t10:1 # text = Why did seeing microbes help people later understand disease? 1 Why why ADV WRB PronType=Int 0 root _ _ 2 did do VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 1 advcl _ _ 3 seeing see VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 2 advcl _ _ 4 microbes microbe NOUN NNS Number=Plur 5 nsubj _ _ 5 help help VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 ccomp _ _ 6 people people NOUN NNS Number=Plur 5 obj _ _ 7 later late ADV RBR Degree=Cmp 8 advmod _ _ 8 understand understand VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 5 xcomp _ _ 9 disease disease NOUN NN Number=Sing 8 obj _ SpaceAfter=No 10 ? ? PUNCT . _ 1 punct _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **do** | past | | | | | | | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 2 | **see** | gerund | | | | | | | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus | | 3 | **help** | present | microbes | people | | | | | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent people=Beneficiary clause=Theme | | 4 | **understand** | infinitive | people *not said here* | disease | | | | late *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer disease=Stimulus | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The options {#options} ### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o1} It showed a hidden world of tiny living things ```conllu # sent_id = question:history:29-the-age-of-science:t10:o1:1 # text = It showed a hidden world of tiny living things 1 It it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 2 nsubj _ _ 2 showed show VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 5 det _ _ 4 hidden hidden ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 5 amod _ _ 5 world world NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 obj _ _ 6 of of ADP IN _ 9 case _ _ 7 tiny tiny ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 9 amod _ _ 8 living living ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 9 amod _ _ 9 things thing NOUN NNS Number=Plur 5 nmod _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **show** | past | It | a hidden world of tiny living things | | | | | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent world=Recipient | ### Option 2 {#o2} It had nothing to do with disease ```conllu # sent_id = question:history:29-the-age-of-science:t10:o2:1 # text = It had nothing to do with disease 1 It it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 2 nsubj _ _ 2 had have VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 nothing nothing PRON NN Number=Sing|PronType=Neg 2 obj _ _ 4 to to PART TO _ 5 mark _ _ 5 do do VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 3 acl _ _ 6 with with ADP IN _ 7 case _ _ 7 disease disease NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 obl _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **have** | past | It | nothing | | | | | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent nothing=Patient | | 2 | **do** | to-infinitive | | nothing *not said here* | | | | with disease | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ### Option 3 {#o3} It proved diseases come from the stars and the Moon ```conllu # sent_id = question:history:29-the-age-of-science:t10:o3:1 # text = It proved diseases come from the stars and the Moon 1 It it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 2 nsubj _ _ 2 proved prove VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 diseases disease NOUN NNS Number=Plur 4 nsubj _ _ 4 come come VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 2 ccomp _ _ 5 from from ADP IN _ 7 case _ _ 6 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 7 det _ _ 7 stars star NOUN NNS Number=Plur 4 obl _ _ 8 and and CCONJ CC _ 10 cc _ _ 9 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 10 det _ _ 10 Moon Moon PROPN NNP Number=Sing 2 conj _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **prove** | past | It | | | | | | vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V what S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme | | 2 | **come** | present | diseases | | | the stars | | | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme from star=Initial\_Location | ### Option 4 {#o4} It showed water was poisonous ```conllu # sent_id = question:history:29-the-age-of-science:t10:o4:1 # text = It showed water was poisonous 1 It it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 2 nsubj _ _ 2 showed show VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 water water NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 nsubj _ _ 4 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 5 cop _ _ 5 poisonous poisonous ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 2 ccomp _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **show** | past | It | | | | | | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 2 | **is** | past | water | | | | | poisonous *property* | tree rules | **Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License. - ← previous: [The age of science, test 9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/history/29-the-age-of-science/t9/) - next →: [The age of science, test 11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/history/29-the-age-of-science/t11/) - ↑ back to [The age of science](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/history/29-the-age-of-science/)