---
title: Darwin's finches on different islands had different beaks. What is t… — The age of science · tree and pragmatics
description: Darwin's finches on different islands had different beaks. What is the best explanation? Test 6 · ★★★ of lesson 29 «The age of science» of the history course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was right.
---

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# Test 6 · ★★★ · The age of science

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Darwin's finches on different islands had different beaks. What is the best explanation?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 1 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** finches, best explanation · **What happens:** have, be · **To what, where:** different beaks

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This is test 6 · ★★★ of lesson 29 «The age of science» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/history/29-the-age-of-science/#t6).

## The question {#question}

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Darwin's finches on different islands had different beaks.

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:29-the-age-of-science:t6:1
# text = Darwin's finches on different islands had different beaks.
1	Darwin	Darwin	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	's	's	PART	POS	_	1	case	_	_
3	finches	finch	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj	_	_
4	on	on	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	different	different	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	islands	island	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nmod	_	_
7	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	different	different	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	beaks	beak	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | Darwin's finches on different islands | different beaks |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent beak=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* What is the best explanation?

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:29-the-age-of-science:t6:2
# text = What is the best explanation?
1	What	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	0	root	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	best	good	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	5	amod	_	_
5	explanation	explanation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the best explanation |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Over many generations each kind changed to suit its own food

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:29-the-age-of-science:t6:o1:1
# text = Over many generations each kind changed to suit its own food
1	Over	over	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	generations	generation	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
4	each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	5	det	_	_
5	kind	kind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
6	changed	change	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	acl:relcl	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	suit	suit	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	advcl	_	_
9	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	11	nmod:poss	_	_
10	own	own	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **change** | participle | each kind | many generations *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent generation=Patient |
| 2 | **suit** | to-infinitive | each kind *not said here* | kind's own food |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Each bird grew a new beak in a week

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:29-the-age-of-science:t6:o2:1
# text = Each bird grew a new beak in a week
1	Each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	2	det	_	_
2	bird	bird	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	grew	grow	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	beak	beak	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	week	week	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **grow** | past | each bird | a new beak |  |  | week |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location beak=Theme |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Someone glued on new beaks

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:29-the-age-of-science:t6:o3:1
# text = Someone glued on new beaks
1	Someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	2	nsubj	_	_
2	glued	glue	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	on	on	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	beaks	beak	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **glue** | past | Someone |  |  |  |  | on new beaks | vn tape-22.4 «NP V ADV-Middle PP»: agent=Patient on beak=Co-Patient |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They all came from different planets far across space, long ago

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:29-the-age-of-science:t6:o4:1
# text = They all came from different planets far across space, long ago
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	3	advmod	_	_
3	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	from	from	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	different	different	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	planets	planet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
7	far	far	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	3	advmod	_	_
8	across	across	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	space	space	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
11	long	long	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	12	advmod	_	_
12	ago	ago	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | past | They |  |  | different planets |  | ago, far *property* | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme from planet=Initial\_Location |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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