---
title: A cut was left dirty in 1700 and a cut is washed clean today. Which… — The age of science · tree and pragmatics
description: A cut was left dirty in 1700 and a cut is washed clean today. Which is more likely to get infected, and who explained why? Test 7 · ★★★ of lesson 29 «The age of science» of the history course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's
---

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# Test 7 · ★★★ · The age of science

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A cut was left dirty in 1700 and a cut is washed clean today. Which is more likely to get infected, and who explained why?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 4 · wrong ✗ · **What happens:** leave, wash, be, get, explain · **To what, where:** cut, 1700

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 7 · ★★★ of lesson 29 «The age of science» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/history/29-the-age-of-science/#t7).

## The question {#question}

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* A cut was left dirty in 1700 and a cut is washed clean today.

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:29-the-age-of-science:t7:1
# text = A cut was left dirty in 1700 and a cut is washed clean today.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	cut	cut	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	left	leave	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	dirty	dirty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	xcomp	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	1700	1700	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	obl	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	cut	cut	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nsubj:pass	_	_
11	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	aux:pass	_	_
12	washed	wash	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	conj	_	_
13	clean	clean	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	xcomp	_	_
14	today	today	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **leave** | past · passive |  | a cut |  | 1700 |  | dirty *property* | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: subject=Theme in 1700=Location |
| 2 | **wash** | present · passive |  | a cut |  |  | today | clean *property* | vn floss-41.2.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* Which is more likely to get infected, and who explained why?

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:29-the-age-of-science:t7:2
# text = Which is more likely to get infected, and who explained why?
1	Which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	more	more	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	4	advmod	_	_
4	likely	likely	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	get	get	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	xcomp	_	_
7	infected	infected	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
10	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	11	nsubj	_	_
11	explained	explain	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	parataxis	_	_
12	why	why	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	11	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | likely *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **get** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | infected *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer |
| 3 | **explain** *speech: assert* | past |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The clean one; Darwin showed soap causes disease

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:29-the-age-of-science:t7:o1:1
# text = The clean one; Darwin showed soap causes disease
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	clean	clean	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	one	one	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	6	punct	_	_
5	Darwin	Darwin	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
6	showed	show	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	acl:relcl	_	_
7	soap	soap	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
8	causes	cause	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	disease	disease	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **show** | past | Darwin | soap |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent soap=Recipient |
| 2 | **cause** | present | the clean one | disease |  |  |  |  | vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition disease=Patient |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Both the same; germs do not exist

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:29-the-age-of-science:t7:o2:1
# text = Both the same; germs do not exist
1	Both	both	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc:preconj	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	same	same	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
5	germs	germ	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nsubj	_	_
6	do	do	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	_
7	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	8	advmod	_	_
8	exist	exist	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	parataxis	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **exist** | present · do-support | germs |  |  |  |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The clean one; Newton showed water is dangerous

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:29-the-age-of-science:t7:o3:1
# text = The clean one; Newton showed water is dangerous
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	clean	clean	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	one	one	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
5	Newton	Newton	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
6	showed	show	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	acl:relcl	_	_
7	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
8	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
9	dangerous	dangerous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **show** | past | Newton | water |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent water=Recipient |
| 2 | **is** | present | the clean one |  |  |  |  | dangerous *property* | tree rules |

### Option 4 · ✓ the right answer {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The dirty one; Pasteur and Koch showed germs cause infection

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:29-the-age-of-science:t7:o4:1
# text = The dirty one; Pasteur and Koch showed germs cause infection
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	dirty	dirty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	one	one	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	Pasteur	Pasteur	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	appos	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	Koch	Koch	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
8	showed	show	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	germs	germ	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nsubj	_	_
10	cause	cause	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	ccomp	_	_
11	infection	infection	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **show** | past | the dirty one |  |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **cause** | present | germs | infection |  |  |  |  | vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition infection=Patient |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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