---
title: A cartoon shows Galileo inventing the telescope. What is more accura… — The age of science · tree and pragmatics
description: A cartoon shows Galileo inventing the telescope. What is more accurate? Test 9 · ★★★ of lesson 29 «The age of science» of the history course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was right.
---

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# Test 9 · ★★★ · The age of science

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A cartoon shows Galileo inventing the telescope. What is more accurate?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 2 · **The right answer:** option 2 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** cartoon · **What happens:** show, invent, be · **To what, where:** Galileo, telescope

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 9 · ★★★ of lesson 29 «The age of science» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/history/29-the-age-of-science/#t9).

## The question {#question}

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* A cartoon shows Galileo inventing the telescope.

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:29-the-age-of-science:t9:1
# text = A cartoon shows Galileo inventing the telescope.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	cartoon	cartoon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	shows	show	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	Galileo	Galileo	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
5	inventing	invent	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	acl	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	telescope	telescope	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **show** | present | a cartoon |  | Galileo |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent galileo=Recipient |
| 2 | **invent** | gerund |  | the telescope |  |  |  |  | vn create-26.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent telescope=Result |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* What is more accurate?

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:29-the-age-of-science:t9:2
# text = What is more accurate?
1	What	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	more	more	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	4	advmod	_	_
4	accurate	accurate	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | accurate *property* | tree rules |

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Telescopes came after the Moon landing

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:29-the-age-of-science:t9:o1:1
# text = Telescopes came after the Moon landing
1	Telescopes	telescope	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	after	after	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	Moon	Moon	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	landing	landing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | past | Telescopes |  |  |  | after the Moon landing |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

### Option 2 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Telescopes were invented in the Netherlands; he improved one and turned it to the sky

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:29-the-age-of-science:t9:o2:1
# text = Telescopes were invented in the Netherlands; he improved one and turned it to the sky
1	Telescopes	telescope	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
2	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	invented	invent	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	Netherlands	Netherlands	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
8	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
9	improved	improve	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
10	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	9	obj	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	turned	turn	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	conj	_	_
13	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	obj	_	_
14	to	to	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	sky	sky	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **invent** | past · passive |  | Telescopes |  | the Netherlands |  |  | vn create-26.4-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Result |
| 2 | **improve** | past | he | one |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent one=Patient |
| 3 | **turn** | past | he *not said here* | Netherlands |  | the sky |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent it=Theme to sky=Trajectory |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He invented telescopes and glasses

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:29-the-age-of-science:t9:o3:1
# text = He invented telescopes and glasses
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	invented	invent	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	telescopes	telescope	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	glasses	glass	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **invent** | past | He | telescopes and glasses |  |  |  |  | vn create-26.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent telescope=Result |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Newton gave him one

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:29-the-age-of-science:t9:o4:1
# text = Newton gave him one
1	Newton	Newton	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	gave	give	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	iobj	_	_
4	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	2	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | past | Newton | one | him *= he* |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent he=Recipient one=Theme |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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