---
title: Why could fear and hard times in the 1930s help dictators? — The Second World War · tree and pragmatics
description: Why could fear and hard times in the 1930s help dictators? Test 2 · ★★ of lesson 34 «The Second World War» of the history course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was right.
---

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# Test 2 · ★★ · The Second World War

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Why could fear and hard times in the 1930s help dictators?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 4 · **The right answer:** option 4 · right ✓ · **What happens:** fear, help · **To what, where:** 1930s, dictators

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 2 · ★★ of lesson 34 «The Second World War» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/history/34-the-second-world-war/#t2).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:34-the-second-world-war:t2:1
# text = Why could fear and hard times in the 1930s help dictators?
1	Why	why	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	3	advmod	_	_
2	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	fear	fear	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
5	hard	hard	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	times	time	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	conj	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	1930s	1930	NOUN	NNS	Number=Ptan|NumForm=Combi|NumType=Card	3	obl	_	_
10	help	help	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
11	dictators	dictator	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fear** | could |  |  |  | the 1930s |  |  | vn marvel-31.3 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 2 | **help** | infinitive |  | dictators |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent dictator=Beneficiary |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Dictators gave every family a big bag of money each week

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:34-the-second-world-war:t2:o1:1
# text = Dictators gave every family a big bag of money each week
1	Dictators	dictator	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	gave	give	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	4	det	_	_
4	family	family	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	big	big	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	bag	bag	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	money	money	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
10	each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	11	det	_	_
11	week	week	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl:unmarked	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | past | Dictators | every family |  |  | week |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent family=Recipient bag=Theme |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
People voted for war on purpose because they liked fighting

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:34-the-second-world-war:t2:o2:1
# text = People voted for war on purpose because they liked fighting
1	People	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	voted	vote	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	for	for	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	war	war	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
5	on	on	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	purpose	purpose	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
7	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
8	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
9	liked	like	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	advcl	_	_
10	fighting	fight	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	9	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **vote** | past | People |  |  | purpose |  | for war *goal* | vn future\_having-13.3 «NP V NP PP.goal»: agent=Agent for war=Goal |
| 2 | **like** | past | People |  |  |  |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Pivot |
| 3 | **fight** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Hard times always make people kinder to each other

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:34-the-second-world-war:t2:o3:1
# text = Hard times always make people kinder to each other
1	Hard	hard	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	times	time	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	always	always	ADV	RB	PronType=Tot	4	advmod	_	_
4	make	make	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
6	kinder	kind	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	4	xcomp	_	_
7	to	to	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	each	each	DET	DT	ExtPos=PRON|PronType=Rcp	6	obl	_	_
9	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	fixed	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | present | Hard times | people |  |  |  | always, kind *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset people=Product |

### Option 4 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Frightened people were drawn to leaders who promised strength and blamed others

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:34-the-second-world-war:t2:o4:1
# text = Frightened people were drawn to leaders who promised strength and blamed others
1	Frightened	frightened	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	drawn	draw	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	leaders	leader	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	_
7	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
8	promised	promise	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	acl:relcl	_	_
9	strength	strength	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	blamed	blame	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	conj	_	_
12	others	other	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **draw** | past · passive |  | Frightened people |  | leaders |  |  | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme to leader=Destination |
| 2 | **promise** *speech: promise* | past | leaders | strength |  |  |  |  | vn future\_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent strength=Theme |
| 3 | **blame** | past | leaders *not said here* | others |  |  |  |  | vn judgment-33.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent other=Theme |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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