---
title: If Britain had given up in 1940, what might have happened? — The Second World War · tree and pragmatics
description: If Britain had given up in 1940, what might have happened? Test 3 · ★★ of lesson 34 «The Second World War» of the history course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was wrong.
---

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# Test 3 · ★★ · The Second World War

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
If Britain had given up in 1940, what might have happened?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 3 · **The right answer:** option 2 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** Britain · **What happens:** give up, happen · **To what, where:** 1940

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 3 · ★★ of lesson 34 «The Second World War» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/history/34-the-second-world-war/#t3).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:34-the-second-world-war:t3:1
# text = If Britain had given up in 1940, what might have happened?
1	If	if	SCONJ	IN	_	4	mark	_	_
2	Britain	Britain	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	given	give	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	12	advcl	_	_
5	up	up	ADP	RP	_	4	compound:prt	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	1940	1940	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
9	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	12	nsubj	_	_
10	might	might	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	12	aux	_	_
11	have	have	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	12	aux	_	_
12	happened	happen	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	12	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give up** *a condition, not said to happen* | past · perfect | Britain |  |  | 1940 |  |  | vn resign-10.11-2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **happen** | might · perfect |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Nothing at all would have changed

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:34-the-second-world-war:t3:o1:1
# text = Nothing at all would have changed
1	Nothing	nothing	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Neg	6	nsubj	_	_
2	at	at	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	1	nmod	_	_
4	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
5	have	have	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	aux	_	_
6	changed	change	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **change** | would · perfect | Nothing |  |  |  |  |  | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

### Option 2 · ✓ the right answer {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Germany would have controlled nearly all of western Europe

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:34-the-second-world-war:t3:o2:1
# text = Germany would have controlled nearly all of western Europe
1	Germany	Germany	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	have	have	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	aux	_	_
4	controlled	control	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	nearly	nearly	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	4	obj	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	western	western	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	Europe	Europe	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **control** | would · perfect · passive |  | Germany |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

### Option 3 · ← Mova's choice {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The war would have ended happily and everyone would be friends

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:34-the-second-world-war:t3:o3:1
# text = The war would have ended happily and everyone would be friends
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	war	war	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
4	have	have	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	aux	_	_
5	ended	end	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
6	happily	happily	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
8	everyone	everyone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Tot	11	nsubj	_	_
9	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	11	aux	_	_
10	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	11	cop	_	_
11	friends	friend	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **end** | would · perfect | the war |  |  |  |  | happily *property* | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |
| 2 | **is a** | would | everyone | friends |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Britain would have conquered Germany soon after

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:34-the-second-world-war:t3:o4:1
# text = Britain would have conquered Germany soon after
1	Britain	Britain	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	have	have	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	aux	_	_
4	conquered	conquer	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	Germany	Germany	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
6	soon	soon	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	4	advmod	_	_
7	after	after	ADP	IN	_	4	compound:prt	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **conquer after** | would · perfect | Britain | Germany |  |  |  | soon *property* | vn subjugate-42.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent germany=Patient |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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