---
title: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the… — Britain and Ireland: a short story · tree and pragmatics
description: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the effect of the Norman Conquest upon the English language? Exam question 2 of lesson 37 «Britain and Ireland: a short story» of the history course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and o
---

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# Exam question 2 · Britain and Ireland: a short story

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the effect of the Norman Conquest upon the English language?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 4 · **The right answer:** option 4 · right ✓ · **What happens:** follow, characteris, effect · **To what, where:** effect, Norman Conquest

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 2 of lesson 37 «Britain and Ireland: a short story» of the history course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/history/37-britain-and-ireland-a-short-story/#e2).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:37-britain-and-ireland-a-short-story:e2:1
# text = Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the effect of the Norman Conquest upon the English language?
1	Which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	following	follow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	amod	_	_
5	statements	statement	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
6	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	7	advmod	_	_
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	effect	effect	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
13	Norman	Norman	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	compound	_	_
14	Conquest	Conquest	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	_
15	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
17	English	English	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
18	language	language	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **follow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **characteris** | present |  | the effect of the Norman Conquest |  |  |  | of the following statements; upon the English language; accurately *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **effect** |  |  | the Norman Conquest |  |  |  |  | nom effect «phenomenon transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
English became the language of France

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:37-britain-and-ireland-a-short-story:e2:o1:1
# text = English became the language of France
1	English	English	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	became	become	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	language	language	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	xcomp	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	France	France	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **become** | past | English | the language of France |  |  |  |  | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
English acquired no new vocabulary

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:37-britain-and-ireland-a-short-story:e2:o2:1
# text = English acquired no new vocabulary
1	English	English	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	acquired	acquire	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	5	det	_	_
4	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	vocabulary	vocabulary	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **acquire** | past | English | no new vocabulary |  |  |  |  | vn obtain-13.5.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent vocabulary=Theme |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
English was entirely replaced by Latin in all spoken and written use

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:37-britain-and-ireland-a-short-story:e2:o3:1
# text = English was entirely replaced by Latin in all spoken and written use
1	English	English	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
3	entirely	entirely	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	replaced	replace	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	by	by	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	Latin	Latin	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
7	in	in	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
8	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	9	nsubj:pass	_	_
9	spoken	speak	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	advcl	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	written	write	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	conj	_	_
12	use	use	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **replace** | past · passive | Latin | English |  |  |  | entirely *property* | vn substitute-13.6.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme subject=Co-Theme |
| 2 | **speak** *speech: other* | participle · passive |  | all |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **write** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **use** | present | Latin *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

### Option 4 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Thousands of words of French origin entered English

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:37-britain-and-ireland-a-short-story:e2:o4:1
# text = Thousands of words of French origin entered English
1	Thousands	thousand	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	words	word	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	nmod	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	French	French	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	origin	origin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
7	entered	enter	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	English	English	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **enter** | past | Thousands of words of French origin |  | English |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme english=Destination |
| 2 | **word** |  |  | French origin |  |  |  |  | nom word «communication transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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