---
title: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the… — Kyiv's beginnings and Kyivan Rus · tree and pragmatics
description: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the founding date of the city of Kyiv? Exam question 1 of lesson 41 «Kyiv's beginnings and Kyivan Rus» of the history course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's ch
---

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# Exam question 1 · Kyiv's beginnings and Kyivan Rus

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the founding date of the city of Kyiv?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 1 · right ✓ · **What happens:** follow, characteris · **To what, where:** founding date

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 1 of lesson 41 «Kyiv's beginnings and Kyivan Rus» of the history course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/history/41-kyivs-beginnings-and-kyivan-rus/#e1).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:41-kyivs-beginnings-and-kyivan-rus:e1:1
# text = Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the founding date of the city of Kyiv?
1	Which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	following	follow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	amod	_	_
5	statements	statement	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
6	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	7	advmod	_	_
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	founding	founding	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	_
11	date	date	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	city	city	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	_
15	of	of	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	Kyiv	Kyiv	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **follow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **characteris** | present |  | the founding date of the city of Kyiv |  |  |  | of the following statements; accurately *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The city is of great antiquity, but its precise year of foundation is not established

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:41-kyivs-beginnings-and-kyivan-rus:e1:o1:1
# text = The city is of great antiquity, but its precise year of foundation is not established
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	city	city	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	antiquity	antiquity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
8	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
9	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	11	nmod:poss	_	_
10	precise	precise	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	year	year	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obl:unmarked	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	foundation	foundation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	_
14	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	16	aux:pass	_	_
15	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	16	advmod	_	_
16	established	establish	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	acl:relcl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | the city |  |  |  |  | of great antiquity | tree rules |
| 2 | **not** **establish** | present · passive |  | great antiquity *not said here* |  |  | year |  | vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP to be NP» |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The city was demonstrably founded in the year four hundred and eighty-two

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:41-kyivs-beginnings-and-kyivan-rus:e1:o2:1
# text = The city was demonstrably founded in the year four hundred and eighty-two
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	city	city	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
4	demonstrably	demonstrably	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	founded	found	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	year	year	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
9	four	four	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	10	compound	_	_
10	hundred	hundred	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	5	obl:agent	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
12	eighty	eighty	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	14	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	10	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **found** | past · passive | four hundred | the city |  |  | year | demonstrably *property* | vn establish-55.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Patient |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The city was founded in nineteen hundred and eighty-two

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:41-kyivs-beginnings-and-kyivan-rus:e1:o3:1
# text = The city was founded in nineteen hundred and eighty-two
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	city	city	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	founded	found	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	nineteen	nineteen	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	7	compound	_	_
7	hundred	hundred	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	4	obl	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
9	eighty	eighty	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	11	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	7	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **found** | past · passive |  | the city |  | nineteen hundred |  |  | vn establish-55.5-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The city was founded subsequent to Moscow

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:41-kyivs-beginnings-and-kyivan-rus:e1:o4:1
# text = The city was founded subsequent to Moscow
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	city	city	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	founded	found	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	subsequent	subsequent	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	xcomp	_	_
6	to	to	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	Moscow	Moscow	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **found** | past · passive |  | the city | Moscow |  |  | subsequent *property* | vn establish-55.5-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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