---
title: Danylo says Kyiv is 1,500 years old exactly, it's in the books. The… — Kyiv's beginnings and Kyivan Rus · tree and pragmatics
description: Danylo says Kyiv is 1,500 years old exactly, it's in the books. The teacher says Kyiv is «medieval, like London». Who's closer? Test 1 of lesson 41 «Kyiv's beginnings and Kyivan Rus» of the history course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each o
---

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# Test 1 · Kyiv's beginnings and Kyivan Rus

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Danylo says Kyiv is 1,500 years old exactly, it's in the books. The teacher says Kyiv is «medieval, like London». Who's closer?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 4 · **The right answer:** option 4 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** Danylo, Kyiv, it, teacher · **What happens:** say, be · **To what, where:** books · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 1 of lesson 41 «Kyiv's beginnings and Kyivan Rus» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/history/41-kyivs-beginnings-and-kyivan-rus/#t1).

## The question {#question}

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Danylo says Kyiv is 1,500 years old exactly, it's in the books.

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:41-kyivs-beginnings-and-kyivan-rus:t1:1
# text = Danylo says Kyiv is 1,500 years old exactly, it's in the books.
1	Danylo	Danylo	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	says	say	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	Kyiv	Kyiv	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
5	1,500	1,500	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	6	nummod	_	_
6	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obl:unmarked	_	_
7	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	ccomp	_	_
8	exactly	exactly	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
10	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	cop	_	_
12	in	in	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	books	book	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | Danylo |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is** | present | Kyiv |  |  |  | year | exactly, old *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **is** | present | it |  |  | the books |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* The teacher says Kyiv is «medieval, like London».

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:41-kyivs-beginnings-and-kyivan-rus:t1:2
# text = The teacher says Kyiv is «medieval, like London».
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	teacher	teacher	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	says	say	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	Kyiv	Kyiv	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
6	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	medieval	medieval	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
9	like	like	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	London	London	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	vocative	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | the teacher |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is** *in a quote* | present | Kyiv |  |  |  |  | London *vocative*; medieval *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 3:* Who's closer?

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:41-kyivs-beginnings-and-kyivan-rus:t1:3
# text = Who's closer?
1	Who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	3	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	closer	close	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | close *property* | tree rules |

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The teacher, Kyiv is no older than London's oldest church, which was built in the Middle Ages too

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:41-kyivs-beginnings-and-kyivan-rus:t1:o1:1
# text = The teacher, Kyiv is no older than London's oldest church, which was built in the Middle Ages too
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	teacher	teacher	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	Kyiv	Kyiv	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
6	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	7	det	_	_
7	older	old	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	0	root	_	_
8	than	than	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
9	London	London	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	's	's	PART	POS	_	9	case	_	_
11	oldest	old	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	12	amod	_	_
12	church	church	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
14	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	16	nsubj:pass	_	_
15	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	16	aux:pass	_	_
16	built	build	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	12	acl:relcl	_	_
17	in	in	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
19	Middle	Middle	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	20	flat	_	_
20	Ages	Age	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	16	obl	_	_
21	too	too	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | the teacher |  |  |  |  | than London's oldest church; old *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **build** | past · passive |  | London's oldest church |  |  | in the Middle Ages |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Neither, Kyiv was founded in 1982

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:41-kyivs-beginnings-and-kyivan-rus:t1:o2:1
# text = Neither, Kyiv was founded in 1982
1	Neither	neither	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	Kyiv	Kyiv	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	founded	found	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	1982	1982	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **found** | past · passive |  | Kyiv |  | 1982 |  | neither *property* | vn establish-55.5-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Danylo, the exact birthday is 482

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:41-kyivs-beginnings-and-kyivan-rus:t1:o3:1
# text = Danylo, the exact birthday is 482
1	Danylo	Danylo	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	exact	exact	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	birthday	birthday	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
7	482	482	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	1	appos	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the exact birthday | 482 |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

### Option 4 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Each is half right: Kyiv is much older than Moscow, but the 1,500 date is a chosen round date

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:41-kyivs-beginnings-and-kyivan-rus:t1:o4:1
# text = Each is half right: Kyiv is much older than Moscow, but the 1,500 date is a chosen round date
1	Each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	half	half	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Frac	4	advmod	_	_
4	right	right	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	9	punct	_	_
6	Kyiv	Kyiv	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
7	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
8	much	much	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
9	older	old	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	4	parataxis	_	_
10	than	than	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	Moscow	Moscow	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
13	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
15	1,500	1,500	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	16	nummod	_	_
16	date	date	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	nsubj	_	_
17	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	21	cop	_	_
18	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
19	chosen	choose	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	21	amod	_	_
20	round	round	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	compound	_	_
21	date	date	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Each |  |  |  |  | half, right *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | present | Kyiv |  |  |  |  | than Moscow; old *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **choose** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **is a** | present | the 1,500 date | a chosen round date |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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