---
title: Danylo goes «Rus always meant Ukraine and nothing else». What's clos… — Kyiv's beginnings and Kyivan Rus · tree and pragmatics
description: Danylo goes «Rus always meant Ukraine and nothing else». What's closer? Test 10 of lesson 41 «Kyiv's beginnings and Kyivan Rus» of the history course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was right.
---

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# Test 10 · Kyiv's beginnings and Kyivan Rus

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Danylo goes «Rus always meant Ukraine and nothing else». What's closer?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 3 · **The right answer:** option 3 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** Danylo, Rus · **What happens:** go, mean, be · **To what, where:** Ukraine · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 10 of lesson 41 «Kyiv's beginnings and Kyivan Rus» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/history/41-kyivs-beginnings-and-kyivan-rus/#t10).

## The question {#question}

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Danylo goes «Rus always meant Ukraine and nothing else».

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:41-kyivs-beginnings-and-kyivan-rus:t10:1
# text = Danylo goes «Rus always meant Ukraine and nothing else».
1	Danylo	Danylo	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	goes	go	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	Rus	Rus	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
5	always	always	ADV	RB	PronType=Tot	6	advmod	_	_
6	meant	mean	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	parataxis	_	_
7	Ukraine	Ukraine	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	nothing	nothing	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Neg	7	conj	_	_
10	else	else	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go** | present | Danylo |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7 «NP V S-Quote»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **mean** *in a quote* | past | Rus | Ukraine |  |  |  | always *property* | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ukraine=Topic |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* What's closer?

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:41-kyivs-beginnings-and-kyivan-rus:t10:2
# text = What's closer?
1	What	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	3	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	closer	close	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | close *property* | tree rules |

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Rus was a type of fish

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:41-kyivs-beginnings-and-kyivan-rus:t10:o1:1
# text = Rus was a type of fish
1	Rus	Rus	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	type	type	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	fish	fish	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | Rus | a type |  |  |  | of fish | tree rules |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He's right, it never meant anything else in any century, not even once

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:41-kyivs-beginnings-and-kyivan-rus:t10:o2:1
# text = He's right, it never meant anything else in any century, not even once
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	right	right	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
5	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
6	never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	7	advmod	_	_
7	meant	mean	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
8	anything	anything	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	7	obj	_	_
9	else	else	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
10	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	12	det	_	_
12	century	century	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
14	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	16	advmod	_	_
15	even	even	ADV	RB	_	16	advmod	_	_
16	once	once	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Mult	7	advmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | He |  |  |  |  | right *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **not** **mean** | past | it | anything |  |  |  | in any century; once *property* | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent anything=Topic |

### Option 3 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The old name changed meaning and grew into several modern names

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:41-kyivs-beginnings-and-kyivan-rus:t10:o3:1
# text = The old name changed meaning and grew into several modern names
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	name	name	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	changed	change	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	meaning	mean	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	4	xcomp	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	grew	grow	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
8	into	into	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
9	several	several	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
10	modern	modern	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	names	name	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **change** | past | the old name |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **mean** | gerund | the old name *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **grow** | past | the old name *not said here* |  |  |  |  | into several modern names *result* | vn become-109.1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient into name=Result |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Rus always meant Sweden

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:41-kyivs-beginnings-and-kyivan-rus:t10:o4:1
# text = Rus always meant Sweden
1	Rus	Rus	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	always	always	ADV	RB	PronType=Tot	3	advmod	_	_
3	meant	mean	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	Sweden	Sweden	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | past | Rus | Sweden |  |  |  | always *property* | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sweden=Topic |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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