---
title: The teacher says Kyivan Rus was «the first Russian state» and Danylo… — Kyiv's beginnings and Kyivan Rus · tree and pragmatics
description: The teacher says Kyivan Rus was «the first Russian state» and Danylo says «it was Ukraine, Russia stole the name». What do historians say now? Test 4 of lesson 41 «Kyiv's beginnings and Kyivan Rus» of the history course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the questio
---

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# Test 4 · Kyiv's beginnings and Kyivan Rus

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The teacher says Kyivan Rus was «the first Russian state» and Danylo says «it was Ukraine, Russia stole the name». What do historians say now?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 4 · **The right answer:** option 1 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** teacher, Kyivan, Danylo, Russia, historians · **What happens:** say, be, steal · **To what, where:** first Russian state, Ukraine, name · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 4 of lesson 41 «Kyiv's beginnings and Kyivan Rus» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/history/41-kyivs-beginnings-and-kyivan-rus/#t4).

## The question {#question}

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* The teacher says Kyivan Rus was «the first Russian state» and Danylo says «it was Ukraine, Russia stole the name».

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:41-kyivs-beginnings-and-kyivan-rus:t4:1
# text = The teacher says Kyivan Rus was «the first Russian state» and Danylo says «it was Ukraine, Russia stole the name».
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	teacher	teacher	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	says	say	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	Kyivan	Kyivan	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
5	Rus	Rus	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	flat	_	_
6	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	cop	_	_
7	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
9	first	first	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	11	amod	_	_
10	Russian	Russian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	state	state	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	11	punct	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
14	Danylo	Danylo	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	15	nsubj	_	_
15	says	say	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
16	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	19	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	19	nsubj	_	_
18	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	19	cop	_	_
19	Ukraine	Ukraine	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	15	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
21	Russia	Russia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	22	nsubj	_	_
22	stole	steal	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	19	acl:relcl	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	name	name	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	22	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | the teacher |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is a** *in a quote* | past | Kyivan | the first Russian state |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | Danylo |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **is a** *in a quote* | past | teacher | Ukraine |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **steal** *in a quote* | past | Russia | the name |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location name=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* What do historians say now?

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:41-kyivs-beginnings-and-kyivan-rus:t4:2
# text = What do historians say now?
1	What	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	4	obj	_	_
2	do	do	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	historians	historian	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	say	say	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	4	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present · do-support | historians |  |  |  | now |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent what=Topic |

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ✓ the right answer {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It was the shared ancestor of Ukraine, Belarus and Russia, with its capital in Kyiv

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:41-kyivs-beginnings-and-kyivan-rus:t4:o1:1
# text = It was the shared ancestor of Ukraine, Belarus and Russia, with its capital in Kyiv
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	shared	share	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	amod	_	_
5	ancestor	ancestor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	Ukraine	Ukraine	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
9	Belarus	Belarus	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	Russia	Russia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
13	with	with	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	15	nmod:poss	_	_
15	capital	capital	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	parataxis	_	_
16	in	in	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	Kyiv	Kyiv	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	15	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **share** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **is a** | past | It | the shared ancestor |  |  |  | of Ukraine and Belarus and Russia | tree rules |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It was only Russian

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:41-kyivs-beginnings-and-kyivan-rus:t4:o2:1
# text = It was only Russian
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	only	only	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	Russian	Russian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | It |  |  |  |  | russian *property* | tree rules |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It never existed

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:41-kyivs-beginnings-and-kyivan-rus:t4:o3:1
# text = It never existed
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	3	advmod	_	_
3	existed	exist	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **exist** | past | It |  |  |  |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

### Option 4 · ← Mova's choice {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It was only Ukrainian, and Russia took its name and history much later by stealing them

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:41-kyivs-beginnings-and-kyivan-rus:t4:o4:1
# text = It was only Ukrainian, and Russia took its name and history much later by stealing them
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	only	only	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	Ukrainian	ukrainian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
7	Russia	Russia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
8	took	take	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
9	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
10	name	name	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	history	history	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	conj	_	_
13	much	much	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	_
14	later	late	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	8	advmod	_	_
15	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	16	mark	_	_
16	stealing	steal	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	8	advcl	_	_
17	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	16	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | It |  |  |  |  | ukrainian *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **take** | past | Russia | its name and history |  |  |  | late *property* | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent name=Theme |
| 3 | **steal** | gerund | Russia *not said here* | name |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location they=Theme |
| 4 | **name** |  | its *= it* |  |  |  |  |  | nom name «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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