---
title: Danylo says Vikings never ruled Kyiv, it's a German lie. What's the… — Kyiv's beginnings and Kyivan Rus · tree and pragmatics
description: Danylo says Vikings never ruled Kyiv, it's a German lie. What's the fix? Test 5 of lesson 41 «Kyiv's beginnings and Kyivan Rus» of the history course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was wrong.
---

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# Test 5 · Kyiv's beginnings and Kyivan Rus

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Danylo says Vikings never ruled Kyiv, it's a German lie. What's the fix?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 3 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** Danylo, Vikings, it, fix · **What happens:** say, not rule, be · **To what, where:** Kyiv, German lie · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 5 of lesson 41 «Kyiv's beginnings and Kyivan Rus» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/history/41-kyivs-beginnings-and-kyivan-rus/#t5).

## The question {#question}

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Danylo says Vikings never ruled Kyiv, it's a German lie.

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:41-kyivs-beginnings-and-kyivan-rus:t5:1
# text = Danylo says Vikings never ruled Kyiv, it's a German lie.
1	Danylo	Danylo	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	says	say	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	Vikings	Viking	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
4	never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	5	advmod	_	_
5	ruled	rule	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	ccomp	_	_
6	Kyiv	Kyiv	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
8	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	cop	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	German	German	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	lie	lie	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | Danylo |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **not** **rule** | past | Vikings | Kyiv |  |  |  |  | vn dub-29.3.2 «NP V NP NP»: agent=Agent kyiv=Result |
| 3 | **is a** | present | it | a German lie |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* What's the fix?

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:41-kyivs-beginnings-and-kyivan-rus:t5:2
# text = What's the fix?
1	What	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	fix	fix	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the fix |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Vikings ruled Kyiv until 1991

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:41-kyivs-beginnings-and-kyivan-rus:t5:o1:1
# text = The Vikings ruled Kyiv until 1991
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Vikings	Viking	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	ruled	rule	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	Kyiv	Kyiv	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
5	until	until	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	1991	1991	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **rule** | past | the Vikings | Kyiv |  |  | until 1991 |  | vn dub-29.3.2 «NP V NP NP»: agent=Agent kyiv=Result |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Kyiv was a Viking colony where everyone spoke Swedish

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:41-kyivs-beginnings-and-kyivan-rus:t5:o2:1
# text = Kyiv was a Viking colony where everyone spoke Swedish
1	Kyiv	Kyiv	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	Viking	viking	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	colony	colony	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	8	advmod	_	_
7	everyone	everyone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Tot	8	nsubj	_	_
8	spoke	speak	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	acl:relcl	_	_
9	Swedish	Swedish	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | Kyiv | a Viking colony |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **speak** *speech: other* | past | everyone | Swedish |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

### Option 3 · ✓ the right answer {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The chronicle and Norse names show a Viking-born dynasty, but the people and culture were mostly Slavic

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:41-kyivs-beginnings-and-kyivan-rus:t5:o3:1
# text = The chronicle and Norse names show a Viking-born dynasty, but the people and culture were mostly Slavic
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	chronicle	chronicle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
4	Norse	norse	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	names	name	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	conj	_	_
6	show	show	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
8	Viking	Viking	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	born	bear	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	11	amod	_	_
11	dynasty	dynasty	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
13	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	20	nsubj	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
17	culture	culture	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	conj	_	_
18	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	20	cop	_	_
19	mostly	mostly	ADV	RB	_	20	advmod	_	_
20	Slavic	slavic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **show** | present | the chronicle and Norse names | a born dynasty |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent dynasty=Recipient |
| 2 | **bear** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer |
| 3 | **is** | past | the people and culture |  |  |  |  | mostly, slavic *property* | tree rules |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He's right, there were no Scandinavians in Rus

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:41-kyivs-beginnings-and-kyivan-rus:t5:o4:1
# text = He's right, there were no Scandinavians in Rus
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	right	right	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
5	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	6	expl	_	_
6	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
7	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	8	det	_	_
8	Scandinavians	Scandinavian	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	Rus	Rus	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | He |  |  |  |  | right *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **is a** | past |  | no Scandinavians |  | Rus |  |  | tree rules |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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