---
title: A cartoon shows Olha burning a town by tying fire to pigeons. Which… — Kyiv's beginnings and Kyivan Rus · tree and pragmatics
description: A cartoon shows Olha burning a town by tying fire to pigeons. Which is fairest? Test 6 of lesson 41 «Kyiv's beginnings and Kyivan Rus» of the history course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was right.
---

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# Test 6 · Kyiv's beginnings and Kyivan Rus

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A cartoon shows Olha burning a town by tying fire to pigeons. Which is fairest?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 4 · **The right answer:** option 4 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** cartoon · **What happens:** show, burn, tie, be · **To what, where:** Olha, town, fire

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 6 of lesson 41 «Kyiv's beginnings and Kyivan Rus» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/history/41-kyivs-beginnings-and-kyivan-rus/#t6).

## The question {#question}

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* A cartoon shows Olha burning a town by tying fire to pigeons.

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:41-kyivs-beginnings-and-kyivan-rus:t6:1
# text = A cartoon shows Olha burning a town by tying fire to pigeons.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	cartoon	cartoon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	shows	show	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	Olha	Olha	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
5	burning	burn	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	xcomp	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	town	town	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
8	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
9	tying	tie	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	5	advcl	_	_
10	fire	fire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	_
11	to	to	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	pigeons	pigeon	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **show** | present | a cartoon | Olha |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent olha=Recipient clause=Topic |
| 2 | **burn** | gerund | a cartoon *not said here* | a town |  |  |  |  | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent town=Theme |
| 3 | **tie** | gerund | a cartoon *not said here* | fire |  |  |  | to pigeons | vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V NP PP.co-patient»: agent=Agent fire=Patient to pigeon=Co-Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* Which is fairest?

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:41-kyivs-beginnings-and-kyivan-rus:t6:2
# text = Which is fairest?
1	Which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	fairest	fair	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | fair *property* | tree rules |

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Olha never existed

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:41-kyivs-beginnings-and-kyivan-rus:t6:o1:1
# text = Olha never existed
1	Olha	Olha	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	3	advmod	_	_
3	existed	exist	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **exist** | past | Olha |  |  |  |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is filmed proof from 945

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:41-kyivs-beginnings-and-kyivan-rus:t6:o2:1
# text = It is filmed proof from 945
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	filmed	film	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	amod	_	_
4	proof	proof	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	from	from	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	945	945	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **film** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn transcribe-25.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is a** | present | It | filmed proof |  | 945 |  |  | tree rules |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Women could not rule anywhere in those days, so the whole story of Olha is made up

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:41-kyivs-beginnings-and-kyivan-rus:t6:o3:1
# text = Women could not rule anywhere in those days, so the whole story of Olha is made up
1	Women	woman	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
2	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	4	advmod	_	_
4	rule	rule	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	anywhere	anywhere	ADV	RB	PronType=Ind	4	advmod	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	those	that	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	8	det	_	_
8	days	day	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
10	so	so	ADV	RB	_	17	advmod	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
12	whole	whole	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	story	story	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nsubj:pass	_	_
14	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	Olha	Olha	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	nmod	_	_
16	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	17	aux:pass	_	_
17	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	ccomp	_	_
18	up	up	ADP	RP	_	17	compound:prt	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **rule** | could | Women |  |  |  | day | anywhere *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **make up** | present · passive |  | the whole story of Olha |  |  |  |  | vn comprise-107.2-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Pivot |

### Option 4 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
That story is a chronicle legend; that she ruled and reformed taxes is history

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:41-kyivs-beginnings-and-kyivan-rus:t6:o4:1
# text = That story is a chronicle legend; that she ruled and reformed taxes is history
1	That	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	2	det	_	_
2	story	story	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	chronicle	chronicle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	legend	legend	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	10	punct	_	_
8	that	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	10	nsubj	_	_
9	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
10	ruled	rule	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	parataxis	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	reformed	reform	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	conj	_	_
13	taxes	tax	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	obj	_	_
14	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	15	cop	_	_
15	history	history	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | that story | a chronicle legend |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **rule** | past | that |  |  |  |  |  | vn dub-29.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **reform** | past | that *not said here* | taxes |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent tax=Patient |
| 4 | **is a** | present |  | history |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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