---
title: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the… — Lithuanian and Polish times, the first… · tree and pragmatics
description: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the linguistic arrangements of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania? Exam question 1 of lesson 43 «Lithuanian and Polish times, the first Cossacks» of the history course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the q
---

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# Exam question 1 · Lithuanian and Polish times, the first Cossacks

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the linguistic arrangements of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 4 · wrong ✗ · **What happens:** follow, characteris, arrange · **To what, where:** linguistic arrangements, Grand Duchy

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 1 of lesson 43 «Lithuanian and Polish times, the first Cossacks» of the history course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/history/43-lithuanian-and-polish-times-the-first-cossacks/#e1).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:43-lithuanian-and-polish-times-the-first-cossacks:e1:1
# text = Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the linguistic arrangements of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania?
1	Which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	following	follow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	amod	_	_
5	statements	statement	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
6	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	7	advmod	_	_
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	linguistic	linguistic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	arrangements	arrangement	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obj	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
14	Grand	grand	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	Duchy	Duchy	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	_
16	of	of	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	Lithuania	Lithuania	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	15	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **follow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **characteris** | present |  | the linguistic arrangements of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania |  |  |  | of the following statements; accurately *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **arrange** |  |  | the Grand Duchy of Lithuania |  |  |  |  | nom arrangement «cognition transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Its documents were composed in Mongolian

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:43-lithuanian-and-polish-times-the-first-cossacks:e1:o1:1
# text = Its documents were composed in Mongolian
1	Its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	documents	document	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	composed	compose	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	Mongolian	Mongolian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **compose** | past · passive |  | Its documents |  | Mongolian |  |  | vn create-26.4-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Result |
| 2 | **document** |  | Its *= it* |  |  |  |  |  | nom document «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Its documents were composed exclusively in modern Russian

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:43-lithuanian-and-polish-times-the-first-cossacks:e1:o2:1
# text = Its documents were composed exclusively in modern Russian
1	Its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	documents	document	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	composed	compose	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	exclusively	exclusively	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	modern	modern	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	Russian	Russian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **compose** | past · passive |  | Its documents |  | modern Russian |  | exclusively *property* | vn create-26.4-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Result |
| 2 | **document** |  | Its *= it* |  |  |  |  |  | nom document «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Writing was prohibited throughout the Duchy

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:43-lithuanian-and-polish-times-the-first-cossacks:e1:o3:1
# text = Writing was prohibited throughout the Duchy
1	Writing	writing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	prohibited	prohibit	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	throughout	throughout	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	Duchy	Duchy	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **prohibit** | past · passive |  | Writing |  |  | throughout the Duchy |  | vn forbid-64.4-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |

### Option 4 · ✓ the right answer {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Its official documents were composed largely in Ruthenian

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:43-lithuanian-and-polish-times-the-first-cossacks:e1:o4:1
# text = Its official documents were composed largely in Ruthenian
1	Its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
2	official	official	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	documents	document	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	composed	compose	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	largely	largely	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	Ruthenian	Ruthenian	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **compose** | past · passive |  | Its official documents |  | Ruthenian |  | largely *property* | vn create-26.4-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Result |
| 2 | **document** |  | Its *= it* |  |  |  |  |  | nom document «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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- ↑ back to [Lithuanian and Polish times, the first Cossacks](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/history/43-lithuanian-and-polish-times-the-first-cossacks/)