---
title: Danylo says Cossacks sailed to Istanbul in tiny boats. The teacher d… — The Cossacks, the Sich and the Hetmanate · tree and pragmatics
description: Danylo says Cossacks sailed to Istanbul in tiny boats. The teacher doubts it. Who's right? Test 3 · ★ of lesson 44 «The Cossacks, the Sich and the Hetmanate» of the history course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was 
---

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# Test 3 · ★ · The Cossacks, the Sich and the Hetmanate

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Danylo says Cossacks sailed to Istanbul in tiny boats. The teacher doubts it. Who's right?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 1 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** Danylo, Cossacks, teacher · **What happens:** say, sail, doubt, be · **To what, where:** Istanbul, tiny boats, it · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 3 · ★ of lesson 44 «The Cossacks, the Sich and the Hetmanate» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/history/44-the-cossacks-the-sich-and-the-hetmanate/#t3).

## The question {#question}

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Danylo says Cossacks sailed to Istanbul in tiny boats.

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:44-the-cossacks-the-sich-and-the-hetmanate:t3:1
# text = Danylo says Cossacks sailed to Istanbul in tiny boats.
1	Danylo	Danylo	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	says	say	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	Cossacks	Cossack	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	sailed	sail	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	ccomp	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	Istanbul	Istanbul	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	tiny	tiny	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	boats	boat	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | Danylo |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **sail** | past | Cossacks |  | Istanbul | tiny boats |  |  | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent to istanbul=Trajectory |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* The teacher doubts it.

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:44-the-cossacks-the-sich-and-the-hetmanate:t3:2
# text = The teacher doubts it.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	teacher	teacher	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	doubts	doubt	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **doubt** | present | the teacher | it |  |  |  |  | vn judgment-33.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 3:* Who's right?

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:44-the-cossacks-the-sich-and-the-hetmanate:t3:3
# text = Who's right?
1	Who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	3	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	right	right	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | right *property* | tree rules |

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Danylo: they raided its outskirts in light boats, though they did not take it

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:44-the-cossacks-the-sich-and-the-hetmanate:t3:o1:1
# text = Danylo: they raided its outskirts in light boats, though they did not take it
1	Danylo	Danylo	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	4	punct	_	_
3	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
4	raided	raid	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	outskirts	outskirt	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	light	light	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	boats	boat	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
11	though	though	SCONJ	IN	_	15	mark	_	_
12	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	15	nsubj	_	_
13	did	do	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	15	aux	_	_
14	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	15	advmod	_	_
15	take	take	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	advcl	_	_
16	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	15	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **raid** | past | Danylo | its outskirts |  | light boats |  |  | vn investigate-35.4 «NP V NP.location»: agent=Agent outskirt=Location |
| 2 | **not** **take** | past · do-support | outskirts *= outskirt* | it |  |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The teacher: Cossacks had no boats

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:44-the-cossacks-the-sich-and-the-hetmanate:t3:o2:1
# text = The teacher: Cossacks had no boats
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	teacher	teacher	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	5	punct	_	_
4	Cossacks	cossack	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
5	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	7	det	_	_
7	boats	boat	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | the teacher | no boats |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent boat=Patient |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Danylo: they captured Istanbul, held it for ten years and made it the new Sich

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:44-the-cossacks-the-sich-and-the-hetmanate:t3:o3:1
# text = Danylo: they captured Istanbul, held it for ten years and made it the new Sich
1	Danylo	Danylo	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	4	punct	_	_
3	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
4	captured	capture	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	Istanbul	Istanbul	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
7	held	hold	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
8	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	obj	_	_
9	for	for	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	ten	ten	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	11	nummod	_	_
11	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obl	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
14	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	obj	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
16	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
17	Sich	Sich	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **capture** | past | Danylo | Istanbul |  |  |  |  | vn steal-10.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent istanbul=Theme |
| 2 | **hold** | past | Danylo *not said here* | it |  |  | year |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme |
| 3 | **make** | past | Danylo *not said here* | it |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP NP»: agent=Asset it=Beneficiary sich=Product |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The teacher: they only sailed on lakes

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:44-the-cossacks-the-sich-and-the-hetmanate:t3:o4:1
# text = The teacher: they only sailed on lakes
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	teacher	teacher	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	2	punct	_	_
4	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
5	only	only	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	sailed	sail	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	on	on	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	lakes	lake	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sail** | past | the teacher |  |  | lakes |  |  | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP.agent V»: agent=Agent |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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