---
title: Danylo thinks Donbas was always farmland; the teacher didn't know ab… — Two empires and Shevchenko · tree and pragmatics
description: Danylo thinks Donbas was always farmland; the teacher didn't know about the Welsh link. What's the lesson? Test 11 of lesson 45 «Two empires and Shevchenko» of the history course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was w
---

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# Test 11 · Two empires and Shevchenko

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Danylo thinks Donbas was always farmland; the teacher didn't know about the Welsh link. What's the lesson?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 4 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** Danylo, Donbas, teacher, lesson · **What happens:** think, be, not know · **To what, where:** farmland · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 11 of lesson 45 «Two empires and Shevchenko» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/history/45-two-empires-and-shevchenko/#t11).

## The question {#question}

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Danylo thinks Donbas was always farmland; the teacher didn't know about the Welsh link.

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:45-two-empires-and-shevchenko:t11:1
# text = Danylo thinks Donbas was always farmland; the teacher didn't know about the Welsh link.
1	Danylo	Danylo	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	thinks	think	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	Donbas	Donbas	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	always	always	ADV	RB	PronType=Tot	6	advmod	_	_
6	farmland	farmland	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	12	punct	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	teacher	teacher	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	_
10	did	do	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	12	advmod	_	_
12	know	know	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	conj	_	_
13	about	about	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
15	Welsh	welsh	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	link	link	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **think** *speech: other* | present | Danylo |  |  |  |  |  | vn focus-87.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is a** | past | Donbas | farmland |  |  |  | always *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **not** **know** | past · do-support | the teacher |  |  |  |  | about the Welsh link | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V PP.stimulus»: agent=Experiencer about link=Stimulus |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* What's the lesson?

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:45-two-empires-and-shevchenko:t11:2
# text = What's the lesson?
1	What	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	lesson	lesson	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the lesson |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Donbas never had any coal

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:45-two-empires-and-shevchenko:t11:o1:1
# text = Donbas never had any coal
1	Donbas	Donbas	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	3	advmod	_	_
3	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	5	det	_	_
5	coal	coal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **have** | past | Donbas | any coal |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent coal=Patient |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Donbas is really in Wales, and the Welsh miners named it after their own valley there

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:45-two-empires-and-shevchenko:t11:o2:1
# text = Donbas is really in Wales, and the Welsh miners named it after their own valley there
1	Donbas	Donbas	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	really	really	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	Wales	Wales	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	nsubj:pass	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	Welsh	welsh	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	miners	miner	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	nsubj	_	_
11	named	name	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
12	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	obj	_	_
13	after	after	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
14	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	16	nmod:poss	_	_
15	own	own	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	valley	valley	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	_
17	there	there	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	16	advmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present |  |  |  | Donbas Wales |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **name** | past · passive |  | Donbas Wales |  |  | after miners's own valley |  | vn appoint-29.1 «NP V NP NP»: subject=Theme it=Attribute |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Nobody ever learns anything

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:45-two-empires-and-shevchenko:t11:o3:1
# text = Nobody ever learns anything
1	Nobody	nobody	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Neg	3	nsubj	_	_
2	ever	ever	ADV	RB	PronType=Ind	3	advmod	_	_
3	learns	learn	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	anything	anything	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	3	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **learn** | present | Nobody | anything |  |  | ever |  | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent anything=Topic |

### Option 4 · ✓ the right answer {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Both swapped facts: coal and steel grew there, and a Welshman founded Donetsk

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:45-two-empires-and-shevchenko:t11:o4:1
# text = Both swapped facts: coal and steel grew there, and a Welshman founded Donetsk
1	Both	both	CCONJ	CC	_	2	cc:preconj	_	_
2	swapped	swap	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	facts	fact	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	5	punct	_	_
5	coal	coal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	steel	steel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
8	grew	grow	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	acl:relcl	_	_
9	there	there	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	8	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	Welshman	Welshman	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	nsubj	_	_
14	founded	found	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
15	Donetsk	Donetsk	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **swap** | past |  | facts |  |  |  | Donetsk *obl* | vn exchange-13.6.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fact=Theme |
| 2 | **grow** | past | coal and steel | facts *not said here* |  | there |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location fact=Theme |
| 3 | **found** | past | a Welshman |  |  |  |  |  | vn establish-55.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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