---
title: Identify the principal cause of the famine of nineteen hundred and t… — The struggle of 1917–21 and the Holodo… · tree and pragmatics
description: Identify the principal cause of the famine of nineteen hundred and thirty-two to nineteen hundred and thirty-three in Soviet Ukraine, hereinafter the Holodomor. Exam question 2 of lesson 46 «The struggle of 1917–21 and the Holodomor» of the history course of Mova's primary school, with the dependenc
---

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# Exam question 2 · The struggle of 1917–21 and the Holodomor

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Identify the principal cause of the famine of nineteen hundred and thirty-two to nineteen hundred and thirty-three in Soviet Ukraine, hereinafter the Holodomor.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 1 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** you · **What happens:** identify, cause · **To what, where:** principal cause, famine

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 2 of lesson 46 «The struggle of 1917–21 and the Holodomor» of the history course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/history/46-the-struggle-of-1917-21-and-the-holodomor/#e2).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:46-the-struggle-of-1917-21-and-the-holodomor:e2:1
# text = Identify the principal cause of the famine of nineteen hundred and thirty-two to nineteen hundred and thirty-three in Soviet Ukraine, hereinafter the Holodomor.
1	Identify	identify	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	principal	principal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	cause	cause	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	famine	famine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	nineteen	nineteen	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	10	compound	_	_
10	hundred	hundred	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	7	nmod	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	thirty	thirty	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	10	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	10	conj	_	_
15	to	to	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	nineteen	nineteen	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	17	compound	_	_
17	hundred	hundred	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	1	obl	_	_
18	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
19	thirty	thirty	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	21	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	19	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	three	three	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	17	conj	_	_
22	in	in	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
23	Soviet	Soviet	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	24	compound	_	_
24	Ukraine	Ukraine	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	21	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
26	hereinafter	hereinafter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	conj	_	_
27	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	28	det	_	_
28	Holodomor	Holodomor	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	26	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **identify** | imperative | you *not said here* | the principal cause of the famine of nineteen hundred |  |  |  | to nineteen hundred and hereinafter | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP to be ADJ»: agent=Agent cause=Theme to hundred=be' |
| 2 | **cause** |  |  | the famine of nineteen hundred |  |  |  |  | nom cause «event transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Soviet policies of grain seizure, collectivisation and restriction of the movement of peasants

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:46-the-struggle-of-1917-21-and-the-holodomor:e2:o1:1
# text = Soviet policies of grain seizure, collectivisation and restriction of the movement of peasants
1	Soviet	soviet	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	policies	policy	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	grain	grain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	seizure	seizure	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
7	collectivisation	collectivisation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	restriction	restriction	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	movement	movement	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	peasants	peasant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **restrict** |  |  | the movement of peasants |  |  |  |  | nom restriction «cognition transitive»: of=patient |
| 2 | **move** |  |  | peasants |  |  |  |  | nom movement «act transitive»: of=patient |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The invasion of Ukraine by Nazi Germany

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:46-the-struggle-of-1917-21-and-the-holodomor:e2:o2:1
# text = The invasion of Ukraine by Nazi Germany
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	invasion	invasion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	Ukraine	Ukraine	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
5	by	by	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	Nazi	Nazi	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	Germany	Germany	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **invade** |  | Nazi Germany | Ukraine |  |  |  |  | nom invasion «act transitive»: of=patient by=agent |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A volcanic eruption which obscured the Sun

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:46-the-struggle-of-1917-21-and-the-holodomor:e2:o3:1
# text = A volcanic eruption which obscured the Sun
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	volcanic	volcanic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	eruption	eruption	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	5	nsubj	_	_
5	obscured	obscure	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	acl:relcl	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	Sun	Sun	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **obscure** | past | a volcanic eruption | the Sun |  |  |  |  | vn remedy-45.7 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent sun=Patient |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The emigration of farmers to Canada

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:46-the-struggle-of-1917-21-and-the-holodomor:e2:o4:1
# text = The emigration of farmers to Canada
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	emigration	emigration	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	farmers	farmer	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	Canada	Canada	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **emigrate** |  | farmers |  |  |  |  | to Canada | nom emigration «act intransitive»: of=agent to=obl |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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- ← previous: [The struggle of 1917–21 and the Holodo…, exam 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/history/46-the-struggle-of-1917-21-and-the-holodomor/e1/)
- next →: [The struggle of 1917–21 and the Holodo…, exam 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/history/46-the-struggle-of-1917-21-and-the-holodomor/e3/)
- ↑ back to [The struggle of 1917–21 and the Holodomor](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/history/46-the-struggle-of-1917-21-and-the-holodomor/)