---
title: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the… — Chornobyl and independence in 1991 · tree and pragmatics
description: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the accession of Ukraine to independence in nineteen hundred and ninety-one? Exam question 1 of lesson 48 «Chornobyl and independence in 1991» of the history course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of th
---

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# Exam question 1 · Chornobyl and independence in 1991

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the accession of Ukraine to independence in nineteen hundred and ninety-one?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 4 · **The right answer:** option 4 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** Ukraine · **What happens:** follow, characteris, accede · **To what, where:** accession, nineteen hundred

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 1 of lesson 48 «Chornobyl and independence in 1991» of the history course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/history/48-chornobyl-and-independence-in-1991/#e1).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:48-chornobyl-and-independence-in-1991:e1:1
# text = Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the accession of Ukraine to independence in nineteen hundred and ninety-one?
1	Which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	following	follow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	amod	_	_
5	statements	statement	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	nmod	_	_
6	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	7	advmod	_	_
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	accession	accession	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	Ukraine	Ukraine	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	_
13	to	to	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	independence	independence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
15	in	in	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	nineteen	nineteen	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	17	compound	_	_
17	hundred	hundred	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	8	obl	_	_
18	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
19	ninety	ninety	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	17	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	19	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	17	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **follow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **characteris** | present |  | the accession of Ukraine |  | nineteen hundred |  | to independence; accurately *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **accede** |  | Ukraine |  |  |  |  |  | nom accession «process intransitive»: of=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It was rejected by a majority of voters in every region

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:48-chornobyl-and-independence-in-1991:e1:o1:1
# text = It was rejected by a majority of voters in every region
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	rejected	reject	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	by	by	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	majority	majority	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	voters	voter	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nmod	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	11	det	_	_
11	region	region	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **reject** | past · passive | a majority of voters | It |  | every region |  |  | vn reject-77.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Theme |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It was conferred by the United Nations without a vote

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:48-chornobyl-and-independence-in-1991:e1:o2:1
# text = It was conferred by the United Nations without a vote
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	conferred	confer	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	by	by	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	United	United	PROPN	NNP	_	7	compound	_	_
7	Nations	Nation	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
8	without	without	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	vote	vote	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **confer** | past · passive | the United Nations | It |  |  |  | without a vote | tree rules |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It was achieved through a prolonged war against the Soviet army lasting nearly a decade and costing many lives

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:48-chornobyl-and-independence-in-1991:e1:o3:1
# text = It was achieved through a prolonged war against the Soviet army lasting nearly a decade and costing many lives
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	achieved	achieve	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	through	through	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	prolonged	prolong	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	amod	_	_
7	war	war	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
8	against	against	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	Soviet	Soviet	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	_
11	army	army	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
12	lasting	last	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	advcl	_	_
13	nearly	nearly	ADV	RB	_	15	advmod	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	decade	decade	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
17	costing	cost	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	12	conj	_	_
18	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	amod	_	_
19	lives	life	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **achieve** | past · passive |  | It |  | a prolonged war against the Soviet army |  |  | vn complete-55.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Eventuality |
| 2 | **prolong** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn sustain-55.6 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **last** | gerund |  |  |  |  | decade |  | vn cost-54.2 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **cost** | gerund |  | many lives |  |  |  |  | vn cost-54.2 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme life=Value |

### Option 4 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It was declared by parliament and confirmed by a referendum in which over ninety per cent voted in favour

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:48-chornobyl-and-independence-in-1991:e1:o4:1
# text = It was declared by parliament and confirmed by a referendum in which over ninety per cent voted in favour
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	declared	declare	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	by	by	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	parliament	parliament	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	confirmed	confirm	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	conj	_	_
8	by	by	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	referendum	referendum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
11	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	17	obl	_	_
13	over	over	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
14	ninety	ninety	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	16	nummod	_	_
15	per	per	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	compound	_	_
16	cent	cent	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obl	_	_
17	voted	vote	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	acl:relcl	_	_
18	in	in	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	favour	favour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **declare** *speech: other* | past · passive | parliament | It |  |  |  |  | vn declare-29.4-1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Attribute |
| 2 | **confirm** | participle | parliament *not said here* |  |  |  |  | by a referendum | vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Pivot |
| 3 | **vote** | past |  |  |  | a referendum |  | over ninety per cent; in favour | vn dub-29.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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