---
title: State the principle enunciated by Confucius hereinafter termed the g… — China: five thousand years and the old… · tree and pragmatics
description: State the principle enunciated by Confucius hereinafter termed the golden rule. Exam question 4 of lesson 51 «China: five thousand years and the oldest dynasties» of the history course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice
---

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# Exam question 4 · China: five thousand years and the oldest dynasties

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
State the principle enunciated by Confucius hereinafter termed the golden rule.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 3 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** you, principle · **What happens:** state, enunciate, term · **To what, where:** principle, golden rule · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 4 of lesson 51 «China: five thousand years and the oldest dynasties» of the history course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/history/51-china-five-thousand-years-the-oldest-dynasties/#e4).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:51-china-five-thousand-years-the-oldest-dynasties:e4:1
# text = State the principle enunciated by Confucius hereinafter termed the golden rule.
1	State	state	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	principle	principle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
4	enunciated	enunciate	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	acl	_	_
5	by	by	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	Confucius	Confucius	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	hereinafter	hereinafter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
8	termed	term	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	1	ccomp	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	golden	golden	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	rule	rule	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **state** *speech: other* | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **enunciate** | participle |  | the principle *not said here* |  |  |  | by Confucius hereinafter | vn remedy-45.7 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **term** | past | the principle | the golden rule |  |  |  |  | vn dub-29.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent rule=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Instruction is to be confined to the nobility

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:51-china-five-thousand-years-the-oldest-dynasties:e4:o1:1
# text = Instruction is to be confined to the nobility
1	Instruction	instruction	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
3	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
4	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	confined	confine	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	to	to	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	nobility	nobility	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **confine** | present · passive |  | Instruction |  | the nobility |  |  | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme to nobility=Destination |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The ruler is exempt from every obligation

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:51-china-five-thousand-years-the-oldest-dynasties:e4:o2:1
# text = The ruler is exempt from every obligation
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	ruler	ruler	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	exempt	exempt	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	from	from	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	7	det	_	_
7	obligation	obligation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | the ruler |  |  | every obligation |  | exempt *property* | tree rules |

### Option 3 · ✓ the right answer {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
That which one does not desire for oneself ought not to be done to others

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:51-china-five-thousand-years-the-oldest-dynasties:e4:o3:1
# text = That which one does not desire for oneself ought not to be done to others
1	That	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	3	det	_	_
2	which	which	DET	WDT	PronType=Int	3	det	_	_
3	one	one	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
4	does	do	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
5	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	6	advmod	_	_
6	desire	desire	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
7	for	for	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
8	oneself	oneself	PRON	PRP	PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	13	nsubj	_	_
9	ought	ought	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	13	aux	_	_
10	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	13	advmod	_	_
11	to	to	PART	TO	_	13	mark	_	_
12	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	13	aux:pass	_	_
13	done	do	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	ccomp	_	_
14	to	to	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	others	other	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **desire** | present · do-support | that one |  |  |  |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme |
| 2 | **not** **do** *not said to happen* | ought · passive |  | oneself |  |  |  | to others | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Eventuality |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Victory is to be pursued irrespective of cost

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:51-china-five-thousand-years-the-oldest-dynasties:e4:o4:1
# text = Victory is to be pursued irrespective of cost
1	Victory	victory	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
3	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
4	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	pursued	pursue	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	irrespective	irrespective	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	cost	cost	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pursue** | present · passive |  | Victory |  |  |  | of cost; irrespective *property* | vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP PP.location»: subject=Theme of cost=Trajectory |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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- ← previous: [China: five thousand years and the old…, exam 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/history/51-china-five-thousand-years-the-oldest-dynasties/e3/)
- next →: [China: the First Emperor, the Terracot…, test 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/history/52-china-the-first-emperor-the-terracotta-army-and-the-great-wall/t1/)
- ↑ back to [China: five thousand years and the oldest dynasties](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/history/51-china-five-thousand-years-the-oldest-dynasties/)