---
title: Grandpa says the Yellow Emperor is our ancestor, the teacher says he… — China: five thousand years and the old… · tree and pragmatics
description: Grandpa says the Yellow Emperor is our ancestor, the teacher says he's a myth. Which is fairest? Test 4 of lesson 51 «China: five thousand years and the oldest dynasties» of the history course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova'
---

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# Test 4 · China: five thousand years and the oldest dynasties

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Grandpa says the Yellow Emperor is our ancestor, the teacher says he's a myth. Which is fairest?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 2 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** Grandpa, Yellow Emperor, teacher · **What happens:** say, be · **To what, where:** ancestor, myth · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 4 of lesson 51 «China: five thousand years and the oldest dynasties» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/history/51-china-five-thousand-years-the-oldest-dynasties/#t4).

## The question {#question}

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Grandpa says the Yellow Emperor is our ancestor, the teacher says he's a myth.

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:51-china-five-thousand-years-the-oldest-dynasties:t4:1
# text = Grandpa says the Yellow Emperor is our ancestor, the teacher says he's a myth.
1	Grandpa	Grandpa	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	says	say	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	Yellow	yellow	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	Emperor	Emperor	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
7	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	ancestor	ancestor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	teacher	teacher	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	_
12	says	say	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
13	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	16	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	16	cop	_	_
15	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	myth	myth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | Grandpa |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is a** | present | the Yellow Emperor | our ancestor |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | the teacher |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **is a** | present | teacher | a myth |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* Which is fairest?

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:51-china-five-thousand-years-the-oldest-dynasties:t4:2
# text = Which is fairest?
1	Which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	fairest	fair	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | fair *property* | tree rules |

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He was the first Ming emperor

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:51-china-five-thousand-years-the-oldest-dynasties:t4:o1:1
# text = He was the first Ming emperor
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
4	first	first	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	6	amod	_	_
5	Ming	Ming	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	emperor	emperor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | He | the first Ming emperor |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

### Option 2 · ✓ the right answer {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He is a legend that many honour as a cultural ancestor

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:51-china-five-thousand-years-the-oldest-dynasties:t4:o2:1
# text = He is a legend that many honour as a cultural ancestor
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	legend	legend	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	7	nsubj	_	_
6	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	honour	honour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	_
8	as	as	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	cultural	cultural	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	ancestor	ancestor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | He | a legend and many honour |  |  |  | as a cultural ancestor | tree rules |
| 2 | **honour** |  | that |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He was a Roman emperor

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:51-china-five-thousand-years-the-oldest-dynasties:t4:o3:1
# text = He was a Roman emperor
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	Roman	roman	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	emperor	emperor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | He | a Roman emperor |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He is proven by DNA tests on the bones found in his royal tomb

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:51-china-five-thousand-years-the-oldest-dynasties:t4:o4:1
# text = He is proven by DNA tests on the bones found in his royal tomb
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	proven	prove	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	by	by	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	DNA	DNA	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	tests	test	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
7	on	on	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	bones	bone	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nmod	_	_
10	found	find	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	acl	_	_
11	in	in	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
12	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	14	nmod:poss	_	_
13	royal	royal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	tomb	tomb	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **prove** | present · passive | DNA tests on the bones | He |  |  |  |  | vn deduce-97.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Theme |
| 2 | **find** | participle |  | the bones *not said here* |  | his royal tomb |  |  | vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V what S\_INF»: agent=Agent |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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