---
title: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the… — China: the First Emperor, the Terracot… · tree and pragmatics
description: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the contribution of Cai Lun? Exam question 4 of lesson 52 «China: the First Emperor, the Terracotta Army and the Great Wall» of the history course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of 
---

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# Exam question 4 · China: the First Emperor, the Terracotta Army and the Grea…

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the contribution of Cai Lun?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 1 · right ✓ · **What happens:** follow, characteris, contribute · **To what, where:** contribution, Cai Lun

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 4 of lesson 52 «China: the First Emperor, the Terracotta Army and the Great Wall» of the history course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/history/52-china-the-first-emperor-the-terracotta-army-and-the-great-wall/#e4).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:52-china-the-first-emperor-the-terracotta-army-and-the-great-wall:e4:1
# text = Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the contribution of Cai Lun?
1	Which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	following	follow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	amod	_	_
5	statements	statement	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
6	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	7	advmod	_	_
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	contribution	contribution	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	Cai	Cai	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	compound	_	_
13	Lun	Lun	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **follow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **characteris** | present |  | the contribution of Cai Lun |  |  |  | of the following statements; accurately *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **contribute** |  |  | Cai Lun |  |  |  |  | nom contribution «act transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He improved the manufacture of paper, older specimens having been recovered

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:52-china-the-first-emperor-the-terracotta-army-and-the-great-wall:e4:o1:1
# text = He improved the manufacture of paper, older specimens having been recovered
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	improved	improve	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	manufacture	manufacture	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	paper	paper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
8	older	old	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	9	amod	_	_
9	specimens	specimen	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	conj	_	_
10	having	have	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	9	acl	_	_
11	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	12	aux:pass	_	_
12	recovered	recover	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	10	xcomp	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **improve** | past | He | the manufacture of paper and older specimens |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent manufacture=Patient |
| 2 | **have** | gerund | older specimens *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **recover** | participle · passive | older specimens *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP» |
| 4 | **manufacture** |  |  | paper |  |  |  |  | nom manufacture «act transitive»: of=patient |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He invented paper ex nihilo in the year 105

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:52-china-the-first-emperor-the-terracotta-army-and-the-great-wall:e4:o2:1
# text = He invented paper ex nihilo in the year 105
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	invented	invent	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	paper	paper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	ex	ex	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	nihilo	nihilo	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	year	year	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
9	105	105	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	8	flat	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **invent** | past | He | paper |  |  | year |  | tree rules |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He introduced papyrus from Egypt by way of the caravan routes of Central Asia

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:52-china-the-first-emperor-the-terracotta-army-and-the-great-wall:e4:o3:1
# text = He introduced papyrus from Egypt by way of the caravan routes of Central Asia
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	introduced	introduce	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	papyrus	papyrus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	from	from	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	Egypt	Egypt	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
6	by	by	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	caravan	caravan	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	_
11	routes	route	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nmod	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	Central	Central	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	flat	_	_
14	Asia	Asia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **introduce** | past | He | papyrus |  | Egypt |  | by way of the caravan routes of Central Asia | vn amalgamate-22.2-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent papyrus=Patient |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He prohibited the use of paper

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:52-china-the-first-emperor-the-terracotta-army-and-the-great-wall:e4:o4:1
# text = He prohibited the use of paper
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	prohibited	prohibit	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	use	use	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	paper	paper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **prohibit** | past | He | the use of paper |  |  |  |  | vn forbid-64.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer use=Theme |
| 2 | **use** |  |  | paper |  |  |  |  | nom use «act transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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- next →: [China: the four great inventions, test 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/history/53-china-the-four-great-inventions/t1/)
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