---
title: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the… — China: the four great inventions · tree and pragmatics
description: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the belief that Marco Polo introduced noodles into Italy? Exam question 4 of lesson 53 «China: the four great inventions» of the history course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of eac
---

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# Exam question 4 · China: the four great inventions

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the belief that Marco Polo introduced noodles into Italy?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 4 · **The right answer:** option 2 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** Marco · **What happens:** follow, characteris, introduce · **To what, where:** belief, Italy, noodles

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 4 of lesson 53 «China: the four great inventions» of the history course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/history/53-china-the-four-great-inventions/#e4).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:53-china-the-four-great-inventions:e4:1
# text = Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the belief that Marco Polo introduced noodles into Italy?
1	Which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	following	follow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	amod	_	_
5	statements	statement	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
6	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	7	advmod	_	_
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	belief	belief	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
11	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	14	mark	_	_
12	Marco	Marco	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	nsubj	_	_
13	Polo	Polo	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	flat	_	_
14	introduced	introduce	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	acl	_	_
15	noodles	noodle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	obj	_	_
16	into	into	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	Italy	Italy	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **follow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **characteris** | present |  | the belief |  | Italy |  | of the following statements; accurately *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **introduce** | past | Marco | noodles |  |  |  |  | vn amalgamate-22.2-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent noodle=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is confirmed by the bowl found at Lajia

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:53-china-the-four-great-inventions:e4:o1:1
# text = It is confirmed by the bowl found at Lajia
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	confirmed	confirm	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	bowl	bowl	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
7	found	find	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	advcl	_	_
8	at	at	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	Lajia	Lajia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **confirm** | present · passive |  | It |  |  |  |  | vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Topic |
| 2 | **find** | past | the bowl |  |  | Lajia |  |  | vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V what S\_INF»: agent=Agent |

### Option 2 · ✓ the right answer {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is a modern myth, pasta having been known in Italy previously

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:53-china-the-four-great-inventions:e4:o2:1
# text = It is a modern myth, pasta having been known in Italy previously
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	modern	modern	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	myth	myth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
7	pasta	pasta	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
8	having	have	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	10	aux	_	_
9	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	10	aux:pass	_	_
10	known	know	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	parataxis	_	_
11	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	Italy	Italy	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	_
13	previously	previously	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | It | a modern myth and pasta |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **know** | gerund · perfect · passive |  |  |  | Italy |  | previously *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V» |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is attested by the Diamond Sutra

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:53-china-the-four-great-inventions:e4:o3:1
# text = It is attested by the Diamond Sutra
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	attested	attest	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	by	by	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	Diamond	Diamond	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obl:agent	_	_
7	Sutra	Sutra	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	flat	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **attest** | present · passive | the Diamond | It |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

### Option 4 · ← Mova's choice {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is conclusively established by his writings and by the records of Venice

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:53-china-the-four-great-inventions:e4:o4:1
# text = It is conclusively established by his writings and by the records of Venice
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
3	conclusively	conclusively	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	established	establish	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	by	by	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	writings	writing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
9	by	by	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	records	record	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	conj	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	Venice	Venice	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **establish** | present · passive | his writings and the records of Venice | It |  |  |  | conclusively *property* | vn establish-55.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Patient |
| 2 | **write** |  | his *= he* |  |  |  |  |  | nom writing «act transitive»: poss=agent |
| 3 | **record** |  |  | Venice |  |  |  |  | nom record «communication transitive»: of=patient |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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- ← previous: [China: the four great inventions, exam 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/history/53-china-the-four-great-inventions/e3/)
- next →: [China: the Silk Road and the Tang, test 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/history/54-china-the-silk-road-and-the-tang/t1/)
- ↑ back to [China: the four great inventions](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/history/53-china-the-four-great-inventions/)