---
title: The teacher says «Gutenberg invented printing». Mei objects. Who is… — China: the four great inventions · tree and pragmatics
description: The teacher says «Gutenberg invented printing». Mei objects. Who is right? Test 2 of lesson 53 «China: the four great inventions» of the history course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was wrong.
---

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# Test 2 · China: the four great inventions

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The teacher says «Gutenberg invented printing». Mei objects. Who is right?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 2 · **The right answer:** option 3 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** teacher, Gutenberg · **What happens:** say, invent, be · **To what, where:** printing · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 2 of lesson 53 «China: the four great inventions» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/history/53-china-the-four-great-inventions/#t2).

## The question {#question}

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* The teacher says «Gutenberg invented printing».

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:53-china-the-four-great-inventions:t2:1
# text = The teacher says «Gutenberg invented printing».
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	teacher	teacher	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	says	say	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	Gutenberg	Gutenberg	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
6	invented	invent	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	ccomp	_	_
7	printing	printing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | the teacher |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **invent** *in a quote* | past | Gutenberg | printing |  |  |  |  | vn create-26.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent printing=Result |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* Mei objects.

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:53-china-the-four-great-inventions:t2:2
# text = Mei objects.
1	Mei	Mei	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	objects	object	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 3:* Who is right?

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:53-china-the-four-great-inventions:t2:3
# text = Who is right?
1	Who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	right	right	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | right *property* | tree rules |

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Neither; printing came in 1900

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:53-china-the-four-great-inventions:t2:o1:1
# text = Neither; printing came in 1900
1	Neither	neither	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	printing	printing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	1900	1900	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | past | printing |  |  | 1900 |  | neither *property* | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in 1900=Location |

### Option 2 · ← Mova's choice {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The teacher; nobody anywhere printed a single page before Gutenberg did

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:53-china-the-four-great-inventions:t2:o2:1
# text = The teacher; nobody anywhere printed a single page before Gutenberg did
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	teacher	teacher	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	6	punct	_	_
4	nobody	nobody	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Neg	6	nsubj	_	_
5	anywhere	anywhere	ADV	RB	PronType=Ind	6	advmod	_	_
6	printed	print	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	acl:relcl	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	single	single	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	page	page	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
10	before	before	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	Gutenberg	Gutenberg	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
12	did	do	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **print** | past | nobody | a single page |  |  | before Gutenberg | anywhere *property* | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent page=Theme |
| 2 | **do** | past | the teacher |  |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

### Option 3 · ✓ the right answer {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Mei; China printed earlier, Gutenberg made an important version

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:53-china-the-four-great-inventions:t2:o3:1
# text = Mei; China printed earlier, Gutenberg made an important version
1	Mei	Mei	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
3	China	China	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	printed	print	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	1	acl:relcl	_	_
5	earlier	early	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	4	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
7	Gutenberg	Gutenberg	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
8	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	important	important	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	version	version	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **print** | past | China | Mei *not said here* |  |  |  | early *property* | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent mei=Theme |
| 2 | **make** | past | Mei | a important version |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent version=Product |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Both wrong; the Romans did

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:53-china-the-four-great-inventions:t2:o4:1
# text = Both wrong; the Romans did
1	Both	both	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	2	det	_	_
2	wrong	wrong	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	6	punct	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	Romans	Roman	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
6	did	do	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **do** | past | both wrong |  |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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