---
title: What evidence would historians need to prove a Ming voyage to America? — China: the Ming and Zheng He's voyages · tree and pragmatics
description: What evidence would historians need to prove a Ming voyage to America? Test 4 of lesson 56 «China: the Ming and Zheng He's voyages» of the history course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was wrong.
---

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# Test 4 · China: the Ming and Zheng He's voyages

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
What evidence would historians need to prove a Ming voyage to America?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 3 · **The right answer:** option 4 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** historians, evidence · **What happens:** need, prove · **To what, where:** evidence, Ming voyage

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 4 of lesson 56 «China: the Ming and Zheng He's voyages» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/history/56-china-the-ming-and-zheng-he-s-voyages/#t4).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:56-china-the-ming-and-zheng-he-s-voyages:t4:1
# text = What evidence would historians need to prove a Ming voyage to America?
1	What	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	0	root	_	_
2	evidence	evidence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	nsubj	_	_
3	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
4	historians	historian	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
5	need	need	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	acl:relcl	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	prove	prove	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	xcomp	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	Ming	Ming	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	voyage	voyage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
11	to	to	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	America	America	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **need** | would | historians | evidence *not said here* |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **prove** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | evidence *not said here* | a Ming voyage |  |  |  | to America | vn deduce-97.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent voyage=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A strong feeling that it must be true, shared by many readers

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:56-china-the-ming-and-zheng-he-s-voyages:t4:o1:1
# text = A strong feeling that it must be true, shared by many readers
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	strong	strong	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	feeling	feeling	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
4	that	that	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nmod	_	_
6	must	must	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	_
7	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	cop	_	_
8	true	true	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
10	shared	share	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	8	conj	_	_
11	by	by	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	readers	reader	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | must | a strong feeling that it |  |  |  |  | true *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **share** | participle | a strong feeling that it *not said here* |  |  |  |  | by many readers | tree rules |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A film

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:56-china-the-ming-and-zheng-he-s-voyages:t4:o2:1
# text = A film
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	film	film	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

### Option 3 · ← Mova's choice {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A popular book

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:56-china-the-ming-and-zheng-he-s-voyages:t4:o3:1
# text = A popular book
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	popular	popular	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	book	book	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

### Option 4 · ✓ the right answer {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Records, maps or remains found by archaeologists

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:56-china-the-ming-and-zheng-he-s-voyages:t4:o4:1
# text = Records, maps or remains found by archaeologists
1	Records	record	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
3	maps	map	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	conj	_	_
4	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	remains	remains	NOUN	NNS	Number=Ptan	1	conj	_	_
6	found	find	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
7	by	by	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	archaeologists	archaeologist	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **find** | participle | Records and maps or remains |  |  |  |  | by archaeologists | vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V what S\_INF»: agent=Agent |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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