--- title: Mei says the Ming fell only because of the Manchus. What happened fi… — China: the Ming and Zheng He's voyages · tree and pragmatics description: Mei says the Ming fell only because of the Manchus. What happened first? Test 9 of lesson 56 «China: the Ming and Zheng He's voyages» of the history course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was right. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/history/56-china-the-ming-and-zheng-he-s-voyages/t9/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [questions](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/) / [History](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/history/) / [China: the Ming and Zheng He's voyages](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/history/56-china-the-ming-and-zheng-he-s-voyages/) / t9 # Test 9 · China: the Ming and Zheng He's voyages Mei says the Ming fell only because of the Manchus. What happened first? **Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 1 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** Mei, Ming · **What happens:** say, fall, happen · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is test 9 of lesson 56 «China: the Ming and Zheng He's voyages» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/history/56-china-the-ming-and-zheng-he-s-voyages/#t9). ## The question {#question} *Sentence 1:* Mei says the Ming fell only because of the Manchus. ```conllu # sent_id = question:history:56-china-the-ming-and-zheng-he-s-voyages:t9:1 # text = Mei says the Ming fell only because of the Manchus. 1 Mei Mei PROPN NNP Number=Sing 2 nsubj _ _ 2 says say VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 4 det _ _ 4 Ming Ming PROPN NNP Number=Sing 5 nsubj _ _ 5 fell fall VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 2 ccomp _ _ 6 only only ADV RB _ 5 advmod _ _ 7 because because ADP IN ExtPos=ADP 10 case _ _ 8 of of ADP IN _ 7 fixed _ _ 9 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 10 det _ _ 10 Manchus Manchu PROPN NNPS Number=Plur 5 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 11 . . PUNCT . _ 2 punct _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | Mei | | | | | | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 2 | **fall** | past | the Ming | | | | | because the Manchus | vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. *Sentence 2:* What happened first? ```conllu # sent_id = question:history:56-china-the-ming-and-zheng-he-s-voyages:t9:2 # text = What happened first? 1 What what PRON WP PronType=Int 2 nsubj _ _ 2 happened happen VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 first first ADV RB NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord 2 advmod _ SpaceAfter=No 4 ? ? PUNCT . _ 2 punct _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **happen** | past | | | | | | first *property* | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ## The options {#options} ### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o1} Famine, rebellion and money troubles; Li Zicheng took Beijing ```conllu # sent_id = question:history:56-china-the-ming-and-zheng-he-s-voyages:t9:o1:1 # text = Famine, rebellion and money troubles; Li Zicheng took Beijing 1 Famine famine NOUN NN Number=Sing 10 nsubj _ SpaceAfter=No 2 , , PUNCT , _ 3 punct _ _ 3 rebellion rebellion NOUN NN Number=Sing 1 conj _ _ 4 and and CCONJ CC _ 6 cc _ _ 5 money money NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 compound _ _ 6 troubles trouble NOUN NNS Number=Plur 1 conj _ SpaceAfter=No 7 ; ; PUNCT : _ 10 punct _ _ 8 Li Li PROPN NNP Number=Sing 10 nsubj _ _ 9 Zicheng Zicheng PROPN NNP Number=Sing 8 flat _ _ 10 took take VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 11 Beijing Beijing PROPN NNP Number=Sing 10 obj _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **take** | past | Famine and rebellion and money troubles | | Beijing | | | | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP ADVP»: agent=Instrument beijing=Destination | ### Option 2 {#o2} The British invaded with gunboats and soldiers from India ```conllu # sent_id = question:history:56-china-the-ming-and-zheng-he-s-voyages:t9:o2:1 # text = The British invaded with gunboats and soldiers from India 1 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 5 det _ _ 2 British British ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 5 amod _ _ 3 invaded invade VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 5 amod _ _ 4 with with ADP IN _ 5 case _ _ 5 gunboats gunboat NOUN NNS Number=Plur 0 root _ _ 6 and and CCONJ CC _ 7 cc _ _ 7 soldiers soldier NOUN NNS Number=Plur 5 conj _ _ 8 from from ADP IN _ 9 case _ _ 9 India India PROPN NNP Number=Sing 5 nmod _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **invade** | participle | | | | | | | tree rules | ### Option 3 {#o3} Nothing; the Ming are still ruling ```conllu # sent_id = question:history:56-china-the-ming-and-zheng-he-s-voyages:t9:o3:1 # text = Nothing; the Ming are still ruling 1 Nothing nothing PRON NN Number=Sing|PronType=Neg 0 root _ SpaceAfter=No 2 ; ; PUNCT : _ 4 punct _ _ 3 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 4 det _ _ 4 Ming Ming PROPN NNP Number=Sing 1 appos _ _ 5 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 7 aux _ _ 6 still still ADV RB _ 7 advmod _ _ 7 ruling rule VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 1 conj _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **rule** | present · progressive | | | | | still | | vn dub-29.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | ### Option 4 {#o4} The Mongols returned ```conllu # sent_id = question:history:56-china-the-ming-and-zheng-he-s-voyages:t9:o4:1 # text = The Mongols returned 1 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 2 det _ _ 2 Mongols Mongol PROPN NNPS Number=Plur 3 nsubj _ _ 3 returned return VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **return** | past | the Mongols | | | | | | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | **Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License. - ← previous: [China: the Ming and Zheng He's voyages, test 8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/history/56-china-the-ming-and-zheng-he-s-voyages/t8/) - next →: [China: the Ming and Zheng He's voyages, test 10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/history/56-china-the-ming-and-zheng-he-s-voyages/t10/) - ↑ back to [China: the Ming and Zheng He's voyages](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/history/56-china-the-ming-and-zheng-he-s-voyages/)