---
title: A cartoon shows Cixi as a pure villain who sank the navy with a boat… — China: the Qing and the Opium Wars · tree and pragmatics
description: A cartoon shows Cixi as a pure villain who sank the navy with a boat. What do historians say? Test 8 · ★ of lesson 57 «China: the Qing and the Opium Wars» of the history course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was rig
---

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# Test 8 · ★ · China: the Qing and the Opium Wars

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A cartoon shows Cixi as a pure villain who sank the navy with a boat. What do historians say?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 3 · **The right answer:** option 3 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** cartoon, pure villain, historians · **What happens:** show, sink, say · **To what, where:** Cixi, navy · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 8 · ★ of lesson 57 «China: the Qing and the Opium Wars» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/history/57-china-the-qing-and-the-opium-wars/#t8).

## The question {#question}

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* A cartoon shows Cixi as a pure villain who sank the navy with a boat.

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:57-china-the-qing-and-the-opium-wars:t8:1
# text = A cartoon shows Cixi as a pure villain who sank the navy with a boat.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	cartoon	cartoon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	shows	show	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	Cixi	Cixi	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
5	as	as	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	pure	pure	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	villain	villain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
9	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	10	nsubj	_	_
10	sank	sink	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	acl:relcl	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	navy	navy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	_
13	with	with	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	boat	boat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **show** | present | a cartoon |  | Cixi |  |  | as a pure villain | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent cixi=Recipient |
| 2 | **sink** | past | a pure villain | the navy |  |  |  | with a boat | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent navy=Patient with boat=Instrument |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* What do historians say?

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:57-china-the-qing-and-the-opium-wars:t8:2
# text = What do historians say?
1	What	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	4	obj	_	_
2	do	do	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	historians	historian	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	say	say	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present · do-support | historians |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent what=Topic |

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She was a cartoon only

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:57-china-the-qing-and-the-opium-wars:t8:o1:1
# text = She was a cartoon only
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	cartoon	cartoon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	only	only	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | She | a cartoon |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She never had any power

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:57-china-the-qing-and-the-opium-wars:t8:o2:1
# text = She never had any power
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	3	advmod	_	_
3	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	5	det	_	_
5	power	power	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **have** | past | She | any power |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent power=Patient |

### Option 3 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She was a clever, powerful ruler; how much the navy suffered is debated

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:57-china-the-qing-and-the-opium-wars:t8:o3:1
# text = She was a clever, powerful ruler; how much the navy suffered is debated
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
4	clever	clever	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
6	powerful	powerful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	ruler	ruler	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nsubj:pass	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	10	punct	_	_
9	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	10	advmod	_	_
10	much	much	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	nmod	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	navy	navy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
13	suffered	suffer	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
14	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	15	aux:pass	_	_
15	debated	debate	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | She | a clever powerful ruler |  |  |  | much *nmod* | tree rules |
| 2 | **debate** | present · passive |  | a clever powerful ruler |  |  |  |  | vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Co-Agent |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She built a real warship out of marble and sailed it against Japan herself

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:57-china-the-qing-and-the-opium-wars:t8:o4:1
# text = She built a real warship out of marble and sailed it against Japan herself
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	built	build	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	real	real	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	warship	warship	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	out	out	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	marble	marble	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	sailed	sail	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
11	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	obj	_	_
12	against	against	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	Japan	Japan	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	_
14	herself	herself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	10	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **build** | past | She | a real warship |  | marble |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent warship=Product |
| 2 | **sail** | past | She *not said here* | warship |  |  |  | against Japan; Japan *obl* | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme it=Trajectory |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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- ← previous: [China: the Qing and the Opium Wars, test 7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/history/57-china-the-qing-and-the-opium-wars/t7/)
- next →: [China: the Qing and the Opium Wars, test 9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/history/57-china-the-qing-and-the-opium-wars/t9/)
- ↑ back to [China: the Qing and the Opium Wars](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/history/57-china-the-qing-and-the-opium-wars/)