---
title: Mei says only the Communists fought Japan. What would a fair histori… — China: 1911, 1949 and Mao · tree and pragmatics
description: Mei says only the Communists fought Japan. What would a fair historian answer? Test 3 · ★ of lesson 58 «China: 1911, 1949 and Mao» of the history course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was right.
---

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# Test 3 · ★ · China: 1911, 1949 and Mao

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Mei says only the Communists fought Japan. What would a fair historian answer?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 1 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** Mei, Communists · **What happens:** say, fight · **To what, where:** Japan · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 3 · ★ of lesson 58 «China: 1911, 1949 and Mao» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/history/58-china-1911-1949-and-mao/#t3).

## The question {#question}

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Mei says only the Communists fought Japan.

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:58-china-1911-1949-and-mao:t3:1
# text = Mei says only the Communists fought Japan.
1	Mei	Mei	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	says	say	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	only	only	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	Communists	Communist	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
6	fought	fight	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	ccomp	_	_
7	Japan	Japan	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | Mei |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **fight** | past | the Communists | Japan |  |  |  |  | vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent japan=Co-Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* What would a fair historian answer?

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:58-china-1911-1949-and-mao:t3:2
# text = What would a fair historian answer?
1	What	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	0	root	_	_
2	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	1	aux	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
4	fair	fair	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
5	historian	historian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	answer	answer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Both fought; the Nationalists fought most big battles

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:58-china-1911-1949-and-mao:t3:o1:1
# text = Both fought; the Nationalists fought most big battles
1	Both	both	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	2	nsubj	_	_
2	fought	fight	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	6	punct	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	Nationalists	Nationalist	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
6	fought	fight	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
7	most	most	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	9	amod	_	_
8	big	big	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	battles	battle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fight** | past | Both |  |  |  |  |  | vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **fight** | past | the Nationalists | most big battles |  |  |  |  | vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent battle=Co-Agent |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Only the Americans fought, with ships and planes in the Pacific

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:58-china-1911-1949-and-mao:t3:o2:1
# text = Only the Americans fought, with ships and planes in the Pacific
1	Only	only	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	Americans	American	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	fought	fight	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
6	with	with	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	ships	ship	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	planes	plane	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	conj	_	_
10	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	Pacific	Pacific	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fight** | past | the Americans |  |  | the Pacific |  | with ships and planes | vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V PP.co-agent»: agent=Agent with ship=Co-Agent |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Correct, nobody else fought

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:58-china-1911-1949-and-mao:t3:o3:1
# text = Correct, nobody else fought
1	Correct	correct	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	nobody	nobody	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Neg	5	nsubj	_	_
4	else	else	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
5	fought	fight	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fight** | past | nobody |  |  |  |  |  | vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Nobody fought Japan

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:58-china-1911-1949-and-mao:t3:o4:1
# text = Nobody fought Japan
1	Nobody	nobody	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Neg	2	nsubj	_	_
2	fought	fight	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	Japan	Japan	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fight** | past | Nobody | Japan |  |  |  |  | vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent japan=Co-Agent |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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