---
title: Danylo's cousin: «history only goes up, every age is better, facts».… — How we got here: the big steps on one… · tree and pragmatics
description: Danylo's cousin: «history only goes up, every age is better, facts». Cap? Test 10 of lesson 61 «How we got here: the big steps on one long timeline» of the history course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was wrong.
---

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# Test 10 · How we got here: the big steps on one long timeline

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Danylo's cousin: «history only goes up, every age is better, facts». Cap?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 4 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** cousin, age · **What happens:** go up, be

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 10 of lesson 61 «How we got here: the big steps on one long timeline» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/history/61-how-we-got-here-the-big-steps-on-one-long-timeline/#t10).

## The question {#question}

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Danylo's cousin: «history only goes up, every age is better, facts».

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:61-how-we-got-here-the-big-steps-on-one-long-timeline:t10:1
# text = Danylo's cousin: «history only goes up, every age is better, facts».
1	Danylo	Danylo	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	's	's	PART	POS	_	1	case	_	_
3	cousin	cousin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	6	punct	_	_
5	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	history	history	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
7	only	only	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	goes	go	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	up	up	ADP	RP	_	8	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
11	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	12	det	_	_
12	age	age	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nsubj	_	_
13	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	cop	_	_
14	better	good	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	8	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
16	facts	fact	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go up** *in a quote* | present | Danylo's cousin |  |  |  |  |  | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute |
| 2 | **is** *in a quote* | present | every age |  |  |  |  | facts *obl*; good *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* Cap?

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:61-how-we-got-here-the-big-steps-on-one-long-timeline:t10:2
# text = Cap?
1	Cap	cap	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
No cap, every single age is always better than the one before

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:61-how-we-got-here-the-big-steps-on-one-long-timeline:t10:o1:1
# text = No cap, every single age is always better than the one before
1	No	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	2	det	_	_
2	cap	cap	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
4	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	6	det	_	_
5	single	single	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	age	age	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
7	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
8	always	always	ADV	RB	PronType=Tot	9	advmod	_	_
9	better	good	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	0	root	_	_
10	than	than	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	one	one	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
13	before	before	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | no cap and every single age |  |  |  |  | than the one; always, before, good *property* | tree rules |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Cap; every age is always worse than the one that came before

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:61-how-we-got-here-the-big-steps-on-one-long-timeline:t10:o2:1
# text = Cap; every age is always worse than the one that came before
1	Cap	cap	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	7	punct	_	_
3	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	4	det	_	_
4	age	age	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
6	always	always	ADV	RB	PronType=Tot	7	advmod	_	_
7	worse	bad	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	1	acl:relcl	_	_
8	than	than	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	one	one	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
11	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	12	nsubj	_	_
12	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	acl:relcl	_	_
13	before	before	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | every age | Cap *not said here* |  |  |  | than the one; always, bad *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **come** | past | the one |  |  |  |  | before *property* | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
No cap, nothing ever really changes from one age to another

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:61-how-we-got-here-the-big-steps-on-one-long-timeline:t10:o3:1
# text = No cap, nothing ever really changes from one age to another
1	No	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	2	det	_	_
2	cap	cap	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
4	nothing	nothing	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Neg	7	nsubj	_	_
5	ever	ever	ADV	RB	PronType=Ind	6	advmod	_	_
6	really	really	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	changes	change	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	from	from	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	10	nummod	_	_
10	age	age	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
11	to	to	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	another	another	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	7	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **change** | present | no cap |  |  |  | from one age | to another *result* | vn turn-26.6.1-1 «NP V PP.material PP.result»: agent=Agent from age=Initial\_State to another=Result |

### Option 4 · ✓ the right answer {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Cap; progress can go backwards in some places for a while

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:61-how-we-got-here-the-big-steps-on-one-long-timeline:t10:o4:1
# text = Cap; progress can go backwards in some places for a while
1	Cap	cap	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	1	punct	_	_
3	progress	progress	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
5	go	go	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	backwards	backwards	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	9	det	_	_
9	places	place	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	_
10	for	for	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	while	while	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go** | can | Cap progress |  |  | some places | while | backwards *property* | vn occur-48.3-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme in place=Location |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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- ↑ back to [How we got here: the big steps on one long timeline](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/history/61-how-we-got-here-the-big-steps-on-one-long-timeline/)