---
title: Ruby sees farmers' skeletons are shorter than hunters'. What does th… — How we got here: the big steps on one… · tree and pragmatics
description: Ruby sees farmers' skeletons are shorter than hunters'. What does this show? Test 7 of lesson 61 «How we got here: the big steps on one long timeline» of the history course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was wrong.
---

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# Test 7 · How we got here: the big steps on one long timeline

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Ruby sees farmers' skeletons are shorter than hunters'. What does this show?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 3 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** Ruby, skeletons, this · **What happens:** see, be, show

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 7 of lesson 61 «How we got here: the big steps on one long timeline» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/history/61-how-we-got-here-the-big-steps-on-one-long-timeline/#t7).

## The question {#question}

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Ruby sees farmers' skeletons are shorter than hunters'.

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:61-how-we-got-here-the-big-steps-on-one-long-timeline:t7:1
# text = Ruby sees farmers' skeletons are shorter than hunters'.
1	Ruby	Ruby	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	sees	see	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	farmers	farmer	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	'	's	PART	POS	_	3	case	_	_
5	skeletons	skeleton	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj	_	_
6	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
7	shorter	short	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	2	parataxis	_	_
8	than	than	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	hunters	hunter	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **see** | present | Ruby |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 2 | **is** | present | farmers's skeletons |  |  |  |  | than hunters; short *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* What does this show?

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:61-how-we-got-here-the-big-steps-on-one-long-timeline:t7:2
# text = What does this show?
1	What	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	4	obj	_	_
2	does	do	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	this	this	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	4	nsubj	_	_
4	show	show	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **show** | present · do-support | this |  |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent what=Recipient |

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Farmers were a different animal from the hunters

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:61-how-we-got-here-the-big-steps-on-one-long-timeline:t7:o1:1
# text = Farmers were a different animal from the hunters
1	Farmers	farmer	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
2	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	different	different	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	animal	animal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	from	from	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	hunters	hunter	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | Farmers | a different animal |  | the hunters |  |  | tree rules |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Hunters were taller because they ate only meat and sweets

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:61-how-we-got-here-the-big-steps-on-one-long-timeline:t7:o2:1
# text = Hunters were taller because they ate only meat and sweets
1	Hunters	hunter	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
2	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	taller	tall	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	0	root	_	_
4	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
5	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
6	ate	eat	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	advcl	_	_
7	only	only	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	meat	meat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	sweets	sweet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | Hunters |  |  |  |  | tall *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **eat** | past | Hunters *= hunter* | meat and sweets |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent meat=Patient |

### Option 3 · ✓ the right answer {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A big step can help the group and be hard on each person

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:61-how-we-got-here-the-big-steps-on-one-long-timeline:t7:o3:1
# text = A big step can help the group and be hard on each person
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	big	big	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	step	step	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
5	help	help	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	group	group	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
9	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	cop	_	_
10	hard	hard	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	conj	_	_
11	on	on	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	13	det	_	_
13	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **help** | can | a big step | the group |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent group=Beneficiary |
| 2 | **is** | infinitive | a big step *not said here* |  |  |  |  | on each person; hard *property* | tree rules |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Farming made everyone healthier, taller and stronger at once

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:61-how-we-got-here-the-big-steps-on-one-long-timeline:t7:o4:1
# text = Farming made everyone healthier, taller and stronger at once
1	Farming	farming	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	everyone	everyone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Tot	2	obj	_	_
4	healthier	healthy	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	2	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
6	taller	tall	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	2	xcomp	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	stronger	strong	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	6	conj	_	_
9	at	at	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	once	once	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Mult	2	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | past | Farming | everyone |  |  |  | healthy, tall *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset everyone=Product |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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- ← previous: [How we got here: the big steps on one…, test 6](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/history/61-how-we-got-here-the-big-steps-on-one-long-timeline/t6/)
- next →: [How we got here: the big steps on one…, test 8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/history/61-how-we-got-here-the-big-steps-on-one-long-timeline/t8/)
- ↑ back to [How we got here: the big steps on one long timeline](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/history/61-how-we-got-here-the-big-steps-on-one-long-timeline/)