---
title: Gran says without her glasses she'd have stopped reading years ago.… — Everyday inventions: pots, boats, whee… · tree and pragmatics
description: Gran says without her glasses she'd have stopped reading years ago. What did glasses change? Test 10 · ★ of lesson 62 «Everyday inventions: pots, boats, wheels, horses, clocks and glasses» of the history course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of 
---

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# Test 10 · ★ · Everyday inventions: pots, boats, wheels, horses, clocks a…

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Gran says without her glasses she'd have stopped reading years ago. What did glasses change?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 4 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** Gran, glasses · **What happens:** say, stop, read, change · **To what, where:** glasses · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 10 · ★ of lesson 62 «Everyday inventions: pots, boats, wheels, horses, clocks and glasses» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/history/62-everyday-inventions-pots-boats-wheels-horses-clocks-and-glasses/#t10).

## The question {#question}

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Gran says without her glasses she'd have stopped reading years ago.

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:62-everyday-inventions-pots-boats-wheels-horses-clocks-and-glasses:t10:1
# text = Gran says without her glasses she'd have stopped reading years ago.
1	Gran	Gran	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	says	say	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	without	without	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	glasses	glass	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
6	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	'd	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	_
8	have	have	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	aux	_	_
9	stopped	stop	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	5	acl:relcl	_	_
10	reading	read	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	9	xcomp	_	_
11	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	obl:unmarked	_	_
12	ago	ago	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | Gran |  |  |  |  | without Gran's glasses | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **stop** | would · perfect | Gran | Gran's glasses *not said here* |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **read** | gerund | Gran *not said here* |  |  |  |  | ago *property* | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* What did glasses change?

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:62-everyday-inventions-pots-boats-wheels-horses-clocks-and-glasses:t10:2
# text = What did glasses change?
1	What	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	4	obj	_	_
2	did	do	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	glasses	glass	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	change	change	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **change** | past · do-support | glasses |  |  |  |  |  | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent what=Patient |

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Nobody needed to read any more after the year 1300

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:62-everyday-inventions-pots-boats-wheels-horses-clocks-and-glasses:t10:o1:1
# text = Nobody needed to read any more after the year 1300
1	Nobody	nobody	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Neg	2	nsubj	_	_
2	needed	need	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	to	to	PART	TO	_	4	mark	_	_
4	read	read	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	xcomp	_	_
5	any	any	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	more	more	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	4	advmod	_	_
7	after	after	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	year	year	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
10	1300	1300	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	9	flat	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **need** | past | Nobody |  |  |  |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme |
| 2 | **read** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | Nobody *not said here* |  |  |  | year |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Children no longer needed school to learn their letters

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:62-everyday-inventions-pots-boats-wheels-horses-clocks-and-glasses:t10:o2:1
# text = Children no longer needed school to learn their letters
1	Children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
2	no	no	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
3	longer	long	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	4	advmod	_	_
4	needed	need	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	learn	learn	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	advcl	_	_
8	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	letters	letter	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **need** | past | Children | school |  |  |  | long *property* | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot school=Theme |
| 2 | **learn** | to-infinitive | Children *not said here* | Children's letters |  |  |  |  | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent letter=Topic |
| 3 | **letter** |  | Children *= child* |  |  |  |  |  | nom letter «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Everyone could see through walls and far into the night

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:62-everyday-inventions-pots-boats-wheels-horses-clocks-and-glasses:t10:o3:1
# text = Everyone could see through walls and far into the night
1	Everyone	everyone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Tot	3	nsubj	_	_
2	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	see	see	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	through	through	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	walls	wall	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	far	far	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	3	conj	_	_
8	into	into	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **see** | could | Everyone |  |  | walls |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |

### Option 4 · ✓ the right answer {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
People could keep reading and doing fine work after 40

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:62-everyday-inventions-pots-boats-wheels-horses-clocks-and-glasses:t10:o4:1
# text = People could keep reading and doing fine work after 40
1	People	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
2	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	keep	keep	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	reading	read	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	xcomp	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	doing	do	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	4	conj	_	_
7	fine	fine	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	work	work	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
9	after	after	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	40	40	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	6	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **keep** | could | People |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **read** | gerund | People *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **do** | gerund | People *not said here* | fine work |  |  | after 40 |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent work=Eventuality |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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