---
title: what if horses had never been tamed. what would change — Everyday inventions: pots, boats, whee… · tree and pragmatics
description: what if horses had never been tamed. what would change Test 8 · ★ of lesson 62 «Everyday inventions: pots, boats, wheels, horses, clocks and glasses» of the history course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was wrong.
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/history/62-everyday-inventions-pots-boats-wheels-horses-clocks-and-glasses/t8/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [questions](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/) / [History](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/history/) / [Everyday inventions: pots, boats, whee…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/history/62-everyday-inventions-pots-boats-wheels-horses-clocks-and-glasses/) / t8

# Test 8 · ★ · Everyday inventions: pots, boats, wheels, horses, clocks a…

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
what if horses had never been tamed. what would change

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 2 · wrong ✗ · **What happens:** not tame, change · **To what, where:** horses

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 8 · ★ of lesson 62 «Everyday inventions: pots, boats, wheels, horses, clocks and glasses» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/history/62-everyday-inventions-pots-boats-wheels-horses-clocks-and-glasses/#t8).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:62-everyday-inventions-pots-boats-wheels-horses-clocks-and-glasses:t8:1
# text = what if horses had never been tamed. what would change
1	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	0	root	_	_
2	if	if	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
3	horses	horse	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
5	never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	7	advmod	_	_
6	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	7	aux:pass	_	_
7	tamed	tame	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	11	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
9	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	11	obj	_	_
10	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	11	aux	_	_
11	change	change	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	acl:relcl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **tame** *a condition, not said to happen* | past · perfect · passive |  | horses |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: subject=Patient |
| 2 | **change** | would |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent what=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Trains would have come 2,000 years earlier to make up for it

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:62-everyday-inventions-pots-boats-wheels-horses-clocks-and-glasses:t8:o1:1
# text = Trains would have come 2,000 years earlier to make up for it
1	Trains	train	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
2	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	have	have	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	aux	_	_
4	come	come	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	2,000	2000	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	6	nummod	_	_
6	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obl:unmarked	_	_
7	earlier	early	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	4	advmod	_	_
8	to	to	PART	TO	_	9	mark	_	_
9	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	advcl	_	_
10	up	up	ADP	RP	_	9	compound:prt	_	_
11	for	for	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | would · perfect | Trains |  |  |  |  | early *property* | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **make up** | to-infinitive | Trains *not said here* |  |  |  |  | for it | vn comprise-107.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme |

### Option 2 · ✓ the right answer {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Travel, farming and war on land would have stayed much slower

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:62-everyday-inventions-pots-boats-wheels-horses-clocks-and-glasses:t8:o2:1
# text = Travel, farming and war on land would have stayed much slower
1	Travel	travel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
3	farming	farming	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	conj	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	war	war	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	conj	_	_
6	on	on	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	nmod	_	_
8	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	10	aux	_	_
9	have	have	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	aux	_	_
10	stayed	stay	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
11	much	much	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
12	slower	slow	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	10	xcomp	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stay** | would · perfect | Travel on land and farming and war |  |  |  |  | slow *property* | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
People would have learned to fly on big birds instead

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:62-everyday-inventions-pots-boats-wheels-horses-clocks-and-glasses:t8:o3:1
# text = People would have learned to fly on big birds instead
1	People	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
2	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	have	have	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	aux	_	_
4	learned	learn	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	fly	fly	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	xcomp	_	_
7	on	on	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	big	big	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	birds	bird	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	_
10	instead	instead	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **learn** | would · perfect | People |  |  |  |  |  | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **fly** | to-infinitive | People *not said here* |  |  |  |  | on big birds; instead *property* | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on bird=Location |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Nothing at all, people would just have walked a bit faster

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:62-everyday-inventions-pots-boats-wheels-horses-clocks-and-glasses:t8:o4:1
# text = Nothing at all, people would just have walked a bit faster
1	Nothing	nothing	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Neg	9	nsubj	_	_
2	at	at	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	1	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
5	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nsubj	_	_
6	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	_
7	just	just	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
8	have	have	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	aux	_	_
9	walked	walk	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	bit	bit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl:unmarked	_	_
12	faster	fast	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	9	advmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **walk** | would · perfect | Nothing | a bit |  |  |  | fast *property* | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [Everyday inventions: pots, boats, whee…, test 7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/history/62-everyday-inventions-pots-boats-wheels-horses-clocks-and-glasses/t7/)
- next →: [Everyday inventions: pots, boats, whee…, test 9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/history/62-everyday-inventions-pots-boats-wheels-horses-clocks-and-glasses/t9/)
- ↑ back to [Everyday inventions: pots, boats, wheels, horses, clocks and glasses](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/history/62-everyday-inventions-pots-boats-wheels-horses-clocks-and-glasses/)