---
title: Jack's mate says everyone copied the ABC from one place. Nah, bro? — Writing, laws and money: how strangers… · tree and pragmatics
description: Jack's mate says everyone copied the ABC from one place. Nah, bro? Test 1 · ★ of lesson 63 «Writing, laws and money: how strangers learned to trust each other» of the history course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice wa
---

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# Test 1 · ★ · Writing, laws and money: how strangers learned to trust ea…

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Jack's mate says everyone copied the ABC from one place. Nah, bro?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 2 · **The right answer:** option 4 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** mate, everyone · **What happens:** say, copy · **To what, where:** ABC, one place · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 1 · ★ of lesson 63 «Writing, laws and money: how strangers learned to trust each other» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/history/63-writing-laws-and-money-how-strangers-learned-to-trust-each-other/#t1).

## The question {#question}

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Jack's mate says everyone copied the ABC from one place.

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:63-writing-laws-and-money-how-strangers-learned-to-trust-each-other:t1:1
# text = Jack's mate says everyone copied the ABC from one place.
1	Jack	Jack	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	's	's	PART	POS	_	1	case	_	_
3	mate	mate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	says	say	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	everyone	everyone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Tot	6	nsubj	_	_
6	copied	copy	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	ccomp	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	ABC	ABC	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
9	from	from	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	11	nummod	_	_
11	place	place	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | Jack's mate |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **copy** | past | everyone | the ABC |  | one place |  |  | vn scribble-25.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent abc=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* Nah, bro?

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:63-writing-laws-and-money-how-strangers-learned-to-trust-each-other:t1:2
# text = Nah, bro?
1	Nah	nah	INTJ	UH	_	3	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	bro	bro	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Nah, he's right, writing came only from Rome

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:63-writing-laws-and-money-how-strangers-learned-to-trust-each-other:t1:o1:1
# text = Nah, he's right, writing came only from Rome
1	Nah	nah	INTJ	UH	_	5	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
5	right	right	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
7	writing	writing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
8	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	only	only	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
10	from	from	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	Rome	Rome	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | he |  |  |  |  | right *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **come** | past | right writing |  |  | Rome |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme from rome=Initial\_Location |

### Option 2 · ← Mova's choice {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Nah, writing was only invented around 1800

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:63-writing-laws-and-money-how-strangers-learned-to-trust-each-other:t1:o2:1
# text = Nah, writing was only invented around 1800
1	Nah	nah	INTJ	UH	_	6	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	writing	writing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux:pass	_	_
5	only	only	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	invented	invent	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
7	around	around	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	1800	1800	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	6	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **invent** | past · passive |  | writing |  | 1800 |  |  | vn create-26.4-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Result |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Yeah, true, China copied Egypt's ABC thousands of years ago

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:63-writing-laws-and-money-how-strangers-learned-to-trust-each-other:t1:o3:1
# text = Yeah, true, China copied Egypt's ABC thousands of years ago
1	Yeah	yeah	INTJ	UH	_	3	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
3	true	true	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
5	China	China	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
6	copied	copy	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
7	Egypt	Egypt	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	's	's	PART	POS	_	7	case	_	_
9	ABC	ABC	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
10	thousands	thousand	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nmod	_	_
13	ago	ago	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **copy** | past | China | Egypt's ABC |  |  |  | ago *property* | tree rules |

### Option 4 · ✓ the right answer {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Nah, several peoples invented writing on their own

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:63-writing-laws-and-money-how-strangers-learned-to-trust-each-other:t1:o4:1
# text = Nah, several peoples invented writing on their own
1	Nah	nah	INTJ	UH	_	5	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	several	several	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	peoples	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
5	invented	invent	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	writing	write	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	xcomp	_	_
7	on	on	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	own	own	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **invent** | past | several peoples |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **write** | gerund | several peoples *not said here* |  |  | peoples's own |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent on own=Destination |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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- ← previous: [Everyday inventions: pots, boats, whee…, exam 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/history/62-everyday-inventions-pots-boats-wheels-horses-clocks-and-glasses/e4/)
- next →: [Writing, laws and money: how strangers…, test 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/history/63-writing-laws-and-money-how-strangers-learned-to-trust-each-other/t2/)
- ↑ back to [Writing, laws and money: how strangers learned to trust each other](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/history/63-writing-laws-and-money-how-strangers-learned-to-trust-each-other/)