--- title: Leo hears that in 1800 four in ten kids died young. Why do so few di… — Light, machines and medicine: how the… · tree and pragmatics description: Leo hears that in 1800 four in ten kids died young. Why do so few die today? Test 7 · ★★ of lesson 65 «Light, machines and medicine: how the last 250 years changed a normal day» of the history course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/history/65-light-machines-and-medicine-how-the-last-250-years-changed-a-normal-day/t7/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [questions](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/) / [History](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/history/) / [Light, machines and medicine: how the…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/history/65-light-machines-and-medicine-how-the-last-250-years-changed-a-normal-day/) / t7 # Test 7 · ★★ · Light, machines and medicine: how the last 250 years chang… Leo hears that in 1800 four in ten kids died young. Why do so few die today? **Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 2 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** Leo, four kids, few · **What happens:** hear, die · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is test 7 · ★★ of lesson 65 «Light, machines and medicine: how the last 250 years changed a normal day» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/history/65-light-machines-and-medicine-how-the-last-250-years-changed-a-normal-day/#t7). ## The question {#question} *Sentence 1:* Leo hears that in 1800 four in ten kids died young. ```conllu # sent_id = question:history:65-light-machines-and-medicine-how-the-last-250-years-changed-a-normal-day:t7:1 # text = Leo hears that in 1800 four in ten kids died young. 1 Leo Leo PROPN NNP Number=Sing 2 nsubj _ _ 2 hears hear VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 that that SCONJ IN _ 10 mark _ _ 4 in in ADP IN _ 5 case _ _ 5 1800 1800 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 6 compound _ _ 6 four four NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 9 nummod _ _ 7 in in ADP IN _ 8 case _ _ 8 ten ten NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 6 nmod _ _ 9 kids kid NOUN NNS Number=Plur 10 nsubj _ _ 10 died die VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 2 ccomp _ _ 11 young young ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 10 xcomp _ SpaceAfter=No 12 . . PUNCT . _ 2 punct _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **hear** | present | Leo | | | | | | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus | | 2 | **die** | past | four kids | | | | | young *property* | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. *Sentence 2:* Why do so few die today? ```conllu # sent_id = question:history:65-light-machines-and-medicine-how-the-last-250-years-changed-a-normal-day:t7:2 # text = Why do so few die today? 1 Why why ADV WRB PronType=Int 4 advmod _ _ 2 do do AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 4 aux _ _ 3 so so ADV RB _ 4 advmod _ _ 4 few few ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 5 nsubj _ _ 5 die die VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 6 today today NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 obl:unmarked _ SpaceAfter=No 7 ? ? PUNCT . _ 5 punct _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **die** | present | few | | | | today | | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute | ## The options {#options} ### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1} Children stopped going outside to play ```conllu # sent_id = question:history:65-light-machines-and-medicine-how-the-last-250-years-changed-a-normal-day:t7:o1:1 # text = Children stopped going outside to play 1 Children child NOUN NNS Number=Plur 2 nsubj _ _ 2 stopped stop VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 going go VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 2 xcomp _ _ 4 outside outside ADV RB _ 3 advmod _ _ 5 to to PART TO _ 6 mark _ _ 6 play play VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 3 xcomp _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **stop** | past | Children | | | | | | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Affector clause=Eventuality | | 2 | **go** | gerund | Children *not said here* | | | | | outside *property* | vn say-37.7 «NP V S-Quote»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 3 | **play** | to-infinitive | Children *not said here* | | | | | | vn performance-26.7-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ### Option 2 · ✓ the right answer {#o2} Clean water, vaccines, better food and medicine ```conllu # sent_id = question:history:65-light-machines-and-medicine-how-the-last-250-years-changed-a-normal-day:t7:o2:1 # text = Clean water, vaccines, better food and medicine 1 Clean clean ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 2 amod _ _ 2 water water NOUN NN Number=Sing 0 root _ SpaceAfter=No 3 , , PUNCT , _ 4 punct _ _ 4 vaccines vaccine NOUN NNS Number=Plur 2 conj _ SpaceAfter=No 5 , , PUNCT , _ 7 punct _ _ 6 better good ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp 7 amod _ _ 7 food food NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 conj _ _ 8 and and CCONJ CC _ 9 cc _ _ 9 medicine medicine NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 conj _ _ ``` The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence. ### Option 3 {#o3} Doctors found one magic potion that cures everything ```conllu # sent_id = question:history:65-light-machines-and-medicine-how-the-last-250-years-changed-a-normal-day:t7:o3:1 # text = Doctors found one magic potion that cures everything 1 Doctors doctor NOUN NNS Number=Plur 2 nsubj _ _ 2 found find VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 one one NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 5 nummod _ _ 4 magic magic ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 5 amod _ _ 5 potion potion NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 obj _ _ 6 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 7 nsubj _ _ 7 cures cure VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 5 acl:relcl _ _ 8 everything everything PRON NN Number=Sing|PronType=Tot 7 obj _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **find** | past | Doctors | one magic potion | | | | | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent potion=Topic | | 2 | **cure** | present | one magic potion | everything | | | | | vn free-10.6.3-1-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Causer everything=Source | ### Option 4 {#o4} People just got luckier than they used to be ```conllu # sent_id = question:history:65-light-machines-and-medicine-how-the-last-250-years-changed-a-normal-day:t7:o4:1 # text = People just got luckier than they used to be 1 People people NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 nsubj _ _ 2 just just ADV RB _ 3 advmod _ _ 3 got get VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 luckier lucky ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp 3 xcomp _ _ 5 than than SCONJ IN _ 7 mark _ _ 6 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 7 nsubj _ _ 7 used use VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 3 advcl _ _ 8 to to PART TO _ 9 mark _ _ 9 be be VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 7 xcomp _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **get** | past | People | | | | | lucky *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer | | 2 | **use** | past | People | | | | | | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality | | 3 | **be** | to-infinitive | People *not said here* | | | | | | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | **Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License. - ← previous: [Light, machines and medicine: how the…, test 6](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/history/65-light-machines-and-medicine-how-the-last-250-years-changed-a-normal-day/t6/) - next →: [Light, machines and medicine: how the…, test 8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/history/65-light-machines-and-medicine-how-the-last-250-years-changed-a-normal-day/t8/) - ↑ back to [Light, machines and medicine: how the last 250 years changed a normal day](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/history/65-light-machines-and-medicine-how-the-last-250-years-changed-a-normal-day/)