---
title: Liam thinks chiefs only ever took things from people. What did the p… — From band to nation: families, tribes,… · tree and pragmatics
description: Liam thinks chiefs only ever took things from people. What did the potlatch show? Test 2 · ★ of lesson 66 «From band to nation: families, tribes, kingdoms, empires and countries» of the history course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each optio
---

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# Test 2 · ★ · From band to nation: families, tribes, kingdoms, empires a…

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Liam thinks chiefs only ever took things from people. What did the potlatch show?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 3 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** Liam · **What happens:** think, take, do · **To what, where:** chiefs, things, potlatch show · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 2 · ★ of lesson 66 «From band to nation: families, tribes, kingdoms, empires and countries» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/history/66-from-band-to-nation-families-tribes-kingdoms-empires-and-countries/#t2).

## The question {#question}

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Liam thinks chiefs only ever took things from people.

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:66-from-band-to-nation-families-tribes-kingdoms-empires-and-countries:t2:1
# text = Liam thinks chiefs only ever took things from people.
1	Liam	Liam	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	thinks	think	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	chiefs	chief	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
4	only	only	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
5	ever	ever	ADV	RB	PronType=Ind	6	advmod	_	_
6	took	take	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	ccomp	_	_
7	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	_
8	from	from	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **think** *speech: other* | present | Liam | chiefs |  |  |  |  | vn consider-29.9-2 «NP V NP ADJ»: agent=Agent chief=Attribute clause=Theme |
| 2 | **take** | past |  | things |  |  | ever | from people | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP PP.initial\_location»: agent=Agent thing=Theme from people=Initial\_Location |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* What did the potlatch show?

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:66-from-band-to-nation-families-tribes-kingdoms-empires-and-countries:t2:2
# text = What did the potlatch show?
1	What	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	2	nsubj	_	_
2	did	do	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	potlatch	potlatch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	show	show	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **do** | past |  | the potlatch show |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent show=Eventuality |

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Potlatches were tax offices

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:66-from-band-to-nation-families-tribes-kingdoms-empires-and-countries:t2:o1:1
# text = Potlatches were tax offices
1	Potlatches	potlatch	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
2	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	tax	tax	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	offices	office	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | Potlatches | tax offices |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Chiefs never gave anything

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:66-from-band-to-nation-families-tribes-kingdoms-empires-and-countries:t2:o2:1
# text = Chiefs never gave anything
1	Chiefs	chief	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
2	never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	3	advmod	_	_
3	gave	give	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	anything	anything	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	3	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **give** | past | Chiefs | anything |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent anything=Theme |

### Option 3 · ✓ the right answer {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Many chiefs gained respect by giving

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:66-from-band-to-nation-families-tribes-kingdoms-empires-and-countries:t2:o3:1
# text = Many chiefs gained respect by giving
1	Many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	chiefs	chief	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	gained	gain	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	respect	respect	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
5	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
6	giving	give	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	advcl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **gain** | past | Many chiefs | respect |  |  |  |  | vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent respect=Theme |
| 2 | **give** | gerund | Many chiefs *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn break\_down-45.8 «NP V»: agent=Patient |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Chiefs were chosen by coins

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:66-from-band-to-nation-families-tribes-kingdoms-empires-and-countries:t2:o4:1
# text = Chiefs were chosen by coins
1	Chiefs	chief	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	chosen	choose	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	by	by	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	coins	coin	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **choose** | past · passive | coins | Chiefs |  |  |  |  | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Theme |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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