---
title: Giulia's nonna says Italy is younger than her cathedral. How? — From band to nation: families, tribes,… · tree and pragmatics
description: Giulia's nonna says Italy is younger than her cathedral. How? Test 6 · ★ of lesson 66 «From band to nation: families, tribes, kingdoms, empires and countries» of the history course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/history/66-from-band-to-nation-families-tribes-kingdoms-empires-and-countries/t6/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [questions](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/) / [History](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/history/) / [From band to nation: families, tribes,…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/history/66-from-band-to-nation-families-tribes-kingdoms-empires-and-countries/) / t6

# Test 6 · ★ · From band to nation: families, tribes, kingdoms, empires a…

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Giulia's nonna says Italy is younger than her cathedral. How?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 4 · **The right answer:** option 4 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** nonna, Italy · **What happens:** say, be · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 6 · ★ of lesson 66 «From band to nation: families, tribes, kingdoms, empires and countries» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/history/66-from-band-to-nation-families-tribes-kingdoms-empires-and-countries/#t6).

## The question {#question}

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Giulia's nonna says Italy is younger than her cathedral.

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:66-from-band-to-nation-families-tribes-kingdoms-empires-and-countries:t6:1
# text = Giulia's nonna says Italy is younger than her cathedral.
1	Giulia	Giulia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	's	's	PART	POS	_	1	case	_	_
3	nonna	nonna	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	says	say	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	Italy	Italy	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
7	younger	young	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	4	ccomp	_	_
8	than	than	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
10	cathedral	cathedral	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | Giulia's nonna |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is** | present | Italy |  |  |  |  | than Italy's cathedral; young *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* How?

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:66-from-band-to-nation-families-tribes-kingdoms-empires-and-countries:t6:2
# text = How?
1	How	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Italy is 5,000 years old, so nonna is wrong

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:66-from-band-to-nation-families-tribes-kingdoms-empires-and-countries:t6:o1:1
# text = Italy is 5,000 years old, so nonna is wrong
1	Italy	Italy	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	5,000	5000	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
4	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl:unmarked	_	_
5	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
7	so	so	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
8	nonna	nonna	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
9	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
10	wrong	wrong	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Italy |  |  |  | year | old *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | present | nonna |  |  |  |  | wrong *property* | tree rules |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Cathedrals in Italy were all built last year

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:66-from-band-to-nation-families-tribes-kingdoms-empires-and-countries:t6:o2:1
# text = Cathedrals in Italy were all built last year
1	Cathedrals	cathedral	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	in	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	Italy	Italy	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	nmod	_	_
4	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux:pass	_	_
5	all	all	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	built	build	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
7	last	last	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	year	year	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl:unmarked	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **build** | past · passive |  | Cathedrals in Italy |  |  | year | all *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Nonna is just joking; Italy is older than any building

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:66-from-band-to-nation-families-tribes-kingdoms-empires-and-countries:t6:o3:1
# text = Nonna is just joking; Italy is older than any building
1	Nonna	Nonna	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	just	just	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	joking	joke	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	8	punct	_	_
6	Italy	Italy	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
7	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
8	older	old	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	4	parataxis	_	_
9	than	than	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	11	det	_	_
11	building	building	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **joke** *speech: other* | present · progressive | Nonna |  |  |  |  |  | vn chit\_chat-37.6 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is** | present | Italy |  |  |  |  | than any building; old *property* | tree rules |

### Option 4 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Italy became one country in 1861; the cathedral is older

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:66-from-band-to-nation-families-tribes-kingdoms-empires-and-countries:t6:o4:1
# text = Italy became one country in 1861; the cathedral is older
1	Italy	Italy	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	became	become	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
4	country	country	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	xcomp	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	1861	1861	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	11	punct	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	cathedral	cathedral	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
10	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	cop	_	_
11	older	old	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	2	xcomp	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **become** | past | Italy | one country |  |  |  | in 1861 *result* | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient in 1861=Result |
| 2 | **is** | present | the cathedral |  |  |  |  | old *property* | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [From band to nation: families, tribes,…, test 5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/history/66-from-band-to-nation-families-tribes-kingdoms-empires-and-countries/t5/)
- next →: [From band to nation: families, tribes,…, test 7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/history/66-from-band-to-nation-families-tribes-kingdoms-empires-and-countries/t7/)
- ↑ back to [From band to nation: families, tribes, kingdoms, empires and countries](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/history/66-from-band-to-nation-families-tribes-kingdoms-empires-and-countries/)